| Mysia |  |
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| Livia and Julia, Pergamon, Mysia, c. 10 - 2 B.C. |   | Julia was Augustus' only natural child, the daughter of his second wife Scribonia. She was born the same day that Octavian divorced Scribonia, to marry Livia.
Julia tragic destiny was to serve as a pawn in her father's dynastic plans. At age two, she was betrothed to Mark Antony's ten-year-old son, but the fathers' hostility ended the engagement. At age 14, she was married to her cousin but he died two years later. In 21 B.C., Julia married Agrippa, nearly 25 years her elder, Augustus' most trusted general and friend. Augustus had been advised, "You have made him so great that he must either become your son-in-law or be slain." Agrippa died suddenly in 12 B.C. and Julia was married in 11 B.C. to Tiberius.
During her marriages to Agrippa and Tiberius Julia took lovers. In 2 B.C., Julia was arrested for adultery and treason. Augustus declared her marriage and void. He also asserted in public that she had been plotting against his own life. Reluctant to execute her, Augustus had her exiled, with no men in sight, forbidden even to drink wine. Scribonia, Julia's mother, accompanied her into exile. Five years later, she was allowed to move to Rhegium but Augustus never forgave her. When Tiberius became emperor, he cut off her allowance and put her in solitary confinement in one room in her house. Within months she died from malnutrition. |
| RP59000. Bronze AE 19, RPC I 2359, SNG Cop 467, aF, weight 3.433 g, maximum diameter 19.3 mm, die axis 0o, Pergamon mint, obverse LIBIAN HRAN CARINOS, draped bust of Livia right; reverse IOULIAN AFRODITHN, draped bust of Julia right; $110.00 (€84.70) |
| Pergamon, Mysia, c. 133 - 16 B.C. |  | When the Pergamene king Attalus III died without an heir in 133 B.C., to prevent a civil war, he bequeathed the kingdom to the Roman Republic.
The Greeks and Romans did not view snakes as evil creatures but rather as symbols and tools for healing and fertility. Asclepius, the son of Apollo and Koronis, learned the secrets of keeping death at bay after observing one serpent bringing another healing herbs. Woman seeking fertility, the sick, and the injured slept in his temples in chambers where non-poisonous snakes were left to crawl on the floor and provide healing.
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| GB63756. Bronze AE 20, SNG BnF 1803 ff.; BMC Mysia p. 129, 158, VF, nice dark green patina, weight 8.198 g, maximum diameter 20.0 mm, die axis 0o, Pergamon mint, c. 133 - 16 B.C.; obverse laureate head of Asklepios right; reverse ASKLHPIOU / SWTHROS, Asklepian snake coiled around omphalos, uncertain countermark; $100.00 (€77.00) |
| Livia and Julia, Pergamon, Mysia, c. 10 - 2 B.C. |  | Julia was Augustus' only natural child, the daughter of his second wife Scribonia. She was born the same day that Octavian divorced Scribonia, to marry Livia.
Julia tragic destiny was to serve as a pawn in her father's dynastic plans. At age two, she was betrothed to Mark Antony's ten-year-old son, but the fathers' hostility ended the engagement. At age 14, she was married to her cousin but he died two years later. In 21 B.C., Julia married Agrippa, nearly 25 years her elder, Augustus' most trusted general and friend. Augustus had been advised, "You have made him so great that he must either become your son-in-law or be slain." Agrippa died suddenly in 12 B.C. and Julia was married in 11 B.C. to Tiberius.
During her marriages to Agrippa and Tiberius Julia took lovers. In 2 B.C., Julia was arrested for adultery and treason. Augustus declared her marriage and void. He also asserted in public that she had been plotting against his own life. Reluctant to execute her, Augustus had her exiled, with no men in sight, forbidden even to drink wine. Scribonia, Julia's mother, accompanied her into exile. Five years later, she was allowed to move to Rhegium but Augustus never forgave her. When Tiberius became emperor, he cut off her allowance and put her in solitary confinement in one room in her house. Within months she died from malnutrition. |
| RP58847. Bronze AE 18, RPC I 2359, SNG Cop 467, F, weight 5.137 g, maximum diameter 18.3 mm, die axis 0o, Pergamon mint, obverse LIBIAN HRAN CARINOS, draped bust of Livia right; reverse IOULIAN AFRODITHN, draped bust of Julia right; $80.00 (€61.60) |
| Augustus, 16 January 27 B.C. - 19 August 14 A.D., Parium, Mysia |  | Located near Lampsacus, Parium belonged to the Delian League. In the Hellenistic period it was in the domain of Lysimachus and then the Attalid dynasty. Julius Caesar refounded it as a colonia within the province of Asia. After Asia was divided in the 4th century, it was in the province of Hellespontus. |
| RP58874. Bronze quadrans, RPC I 2264, SNG Cop -, F, weight 2.497 g, maximum diameter 15.4 mm, die axis 0o, Parium mint, obverse AVG, bare head right; reverse capricorn right; $80.00 (€61.60) |
| Pergamon, Mysia, c. 200 - 133 B.C. |  | Pergamon, Mysia was located to the north and west of the modern city of Bergama, Turkey, 16 miles (26 km) from the Aegean Sea on a promontory on the north side of the Caicus (Bakirçay) River. It was the capital of the Kingdom of Pergamon under the Attalid dynasty, 281-133 B.C. Pergamon is cited in the book of Revelation as one of the seven churches of Asia.
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| GB63752. Bronze cf. SNG BnF 1929 (B right rev), SNG Cop 383 ff., BMC Mysia p. 133, 195 ff., SNGvA 1375 - 1376, Von Fritze Pergamon 26 (all control variations), VF, weight 2.173 g, maximum diameter 17.6 mm, die axis 30o, Pergamon mint, obverse head of Athena right in helmet ornamented with a star; reverse AQHNAS NIKHFOROU, facing owl with spread wings, palm branch in talons, club left, G right; $80.00 (€61.60) |
| Kyzikos, Mysia, c. 480 - 450 B.C. |  | These very small fractions always weigh less than the theoretical weight for the denomination. They were often struck significantly below the theoretical weight. Wear, corrosion and porosity have usually further reduced the weight over time. They may even weigh less than half their theoretical weight. Assigning the denomination during attribution is often speculative. |
| GA58364. Silver trihemiobol, BMC Mysia p. 35, 121, VF, weight 0.771 g, maximum diameter 8.9 mm, die axis 180o, Kyzikos mint, c. 480 - 450 B.C.; obverse forepart of boar running left; reverse head of roaring lion left, K (reversed) above, all in incuse square; $75.00 (€57.75) |
| Lampsakos, Mysia, 4th - 3rd Century B.C. |  | |
| GB82085. Bronze AE 12, BMC Mysia p. 84, 53 ff. var (symbol), VF, weight 1.849 g, maximum diameter 11.7 mm, die axis 180o, Lampsakos mint, 4th - 3rd Centuries B.C.; obverse LAM, female head right, hair rolled; reverse YA, forepart of winged horse right, grain kernel below; attractive very dark green patina; $70.00 (€53.90) |
| Pergamon, Mysia, c. 133 - 67 B.C. |  | Struck under Roman rule. When King Attalus III died without an heir in 133 B.C., to prevent civil war, he bequeathed the whole of the Pergamene Kingdom to Rome. |
| GB55354. Bronze AE 18, SNG BnF 1784; SNG Cop 359, VF, weight 7.549 g, maximum diameter 19.1 mm, die axis 0o, Pergamon mint, c. 133 - 67 B.C.; obverse helmeted head of Athena right, crested helmet ornamented with a star; reverse PERGAMHNWN, Nike standing right, crowning city name with wreath in right, palm frond over shoulder in left; $65.00 (€50.05) |
| Kyzikos, Mysia, c. 450 - 400 B.C. |  | Cyzicus was one of the great cities of the ancient world. During the Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.) Cyzicus was subject to the Athenians and Lacedaemonians alternately. In the naval Battle of Cyzicus in 410, an Athenian fleet completely destroyed a Spartan fleet. At the peace of Antalcidas in 387, like the other Greek cities in Asia, it was made over to Persia. Alexander the Great captured it from the Persians in 334 B.C. |
| GS55274. Silver hemiobol, SNG Kayhan 58, BMC Mysia p. 35, 120, gF, weight 0.373 g, maximum diameter 9.8 mm, die axis 90o, Cyzicus mint, c. 450 - 400 B.C.; obverse forepart of boar running left, tunny fish upwards behind; reverse head of roaring lion left, star of four rays above, all in incuse square; $63.00 (€48.51) |
| Persian Empire, Satraps of Mysia, Orontas, c. 357 - 352 B.C. |  | |
| GB57341. Bronze AE 9, Troxell Orontes -, BMC -, SNG Cop -, SNG BnF -, et al.; cf. CNG auction 247, lot 120 (a very similar AE 9, but with head right, also unpublished), F, weight 0.524 g, maximum diameter 9.1 mm, die axis 270o, Adramyteum mint, c. 357 - 352 B.C.; obverse ADPA, head left; reverse forepart of Pegasos right, OPON below; apparently unpublished; $60.00 (€46.20) |
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