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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Medieval & Modern Coins| ▸ |Crusaders||View Options:  |  |  |   

Coins of the Crusaders

The crusades were military expeditions undertaken by the Christians of Europe in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims. The origin of the word may be traced to the cross made of cloth and worn as a badge on the outer garment of those who took part in these enterprises. The Crusader states were a number of mostly 12th and 13th century feudal states created by Western European crusaders in Sicily, Greece, Asia Minor, and the Holy Land, and during the Northern Crusades in the eastern Baltic area. Politics were complicated, including a Christian alliance with the Islamic Sultanate of Rûm during the Fifth Crusade. The Crusaders ravaged the countries they marched through, killed 8,000 Jews in the Rhineland in the first of Europe's pogroms, devastated the Mediterranean ports, fought amongst themselves as much as the "Infidel" and fleeced their subjects to fill their coffers. Murder and massacre in the service of the Gospel was commonplace. Seventy thousand civilians were butchered in the sack of Jerusalem. The end came in 1291 with the fall of Acre, the last Christian stronghold in the Holy Land. Near East 1135

Crusaders, County of Edessa, Baldwin II, Regent 1119 - 1126

|Malloy| |Crusader| |Collection|, |Crusaders,| |County| |of| |Edessa,| |Baldwin| |II,| |Regent| |1119| |-| |1126||AE| |15|
From the collection of Alex G. Malloy, former dealer for 40 years and co-author of Coins of the Crusader States. Ex Sotheby's auction 10-14-99. Ex John J. Slocum Collection. Mr. Slocum was in the American diplomatic service in the Holy Land where he collected rare and unique coins in the early 1960's.

In 1098 the unpopular and childless ruler of Edessa, Toros, invited the aid of the crusader Baldwin de Boulogne, adopted him as his son and appointed him co-regent. A month later, Toros was dethroned and executed. Edessa was the first state created by the crusaders, on 10 March 1098, and was also the first to fall. On 3 November 1146, Edessa was conquered by Nur-ad-Din Mahmud.
SH31975. Bronze AE 15, Malloy CCS p. 246, 15c; Pesant, Num. Circ. (1982), 2, aVF, weight 1.275 g, maximum diameter 15.0 mm, die axis 0o, obverse + BANT/ΓΔ OY/INXO/MI (Baldwin, count), legend in four lines; reverse +STAV9IC NIXACI (By the Cross may you conquer), cross pattée, pellet at the end of each arm except the bottom bifurcated arm; extremely rare; SOLD


Crusaders, Principality of Antioch, Late Anonymous, 1250 - 1268

|Malloy| |Crusader| |Collection|, |Crusaders,| |Principality| |of| |Antioch,| |Late| |Anonymous,| |1250| |-| |1268||pougeoise|
From the collection of Alex G. Malloy, former dealer for 40 years and co-author of Coins of the Crusader States. See Malloy Crusaders p. 197 for a discussion of the late anonymous series.

Old tag notes, "The Hague, Holland Viken Havandjian, Jan. 22, 1976, $65.00"

Ex John J. Slocum Collection. Mr. Slocum was in the American diplomatic service in the Holy Land where he collected rare and unique coins in the early 1960's.

Antioch existed for over 1500 years, it was one of the three most important cities in the ancient world, and in the 1st century had a population of 500,000 (not counting women and slaves). On 18 May 1268, Antioch surrendered to Baibars on the condition that the lives of the citizens would be spared. As soon as his troops were within the gates, Baibars ordered the gates shut and brutally massacred everyone in the city. Lamenting that Antioch's ruler had not been present either for the siege or the ransacking and murder, Baibars wrote a detailed letter describing exactly what had been done, concluding with the phrase, "Had you been there, you would have wished you had never been born."

FORVM has three examples of this type (one a variant without the T) from the Malloy Collection. No other examples are known and the type is otherwise unknown to modern numismatics. Historically of great importance, these coins were minted in the last throngs of the city of Antioch as it was dying.

SH32267. Bronze pougeoise, unpublished and historically important, the finest of three known to exist, Malloy CCS -, Metcalf Crusades -, aVF, octagonal shaped flan, weight 0.646 g, maximum diameter 17.5 mm, die axis 225o, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, obverse hexagram, ANT (Antioch) monogram in center (T is small and above H); reverse hexagram, ΠP monogram in center (uncertain meaning, perhaps the moneyers name or the ruling Crusaders at this time but interestingly in Greek not Latin); of great rarity; SOLD


Crusaders, County of Edessa, Joscelin I de Courtenay or Joscelin II, 1119 - 1150

|Crusaders|, |Crusaders,| |County| |of| |Edessa,| |Joscelin| |I| |de| |Courtenay| |or| |Joscelin| |II,| |1119| |-| |1150||follis|
R. Pesant in "Folles of Doubtful Attribution to Joscelyn de Courtenay, Count of Edessa" in NumCirc 93 (Jul-Aug 1985), pp. 101, attributed this type to Joscelin I or II. Metcalf notes, "The discovery of a few more specimens, clearly related to the first, has reinforced the proposed attribution."
BZ113787. Bronze follis, Pesant NumCirc 1985, 3; Metcalf Crusades p. 38; Malloy CCS -; Wäckerlin -, VF, harshly cleaned, crude as usual, irregularly shaped ragged flan, weight 2.475 g, maximum diameter 20.1 mm, Mesopotamia, Edessa (Urfa, Sanliurfa, Turkey) mint, 1119 - 1150; obverse nimbate bust of Christ Pantocrator facing, holding book of Gospels in his right hand; reverse IEVSEΛIN (or similar, blundered), traces of legend around large Cross in pellet circle; ex Leu Numismatik web auction 26 (8-13 Jul 2023), lot 5992; ex European collection formed before 2005; very rare; $800.00 SALE PRICE $720.00
 


Kingdom of Cyprus, 15th Century A.D.

|Cyprus|, |Kingdom| |of| |Cyprus,| |15th| |Century| |A.D.||denier|
Deniers with rampant lion and cross types were struck by many of the Kings of Cyprus and Jerusalem. Types were struck with stars, pellets, or crosslets in the quadrants. Janus struck the type with an S in one quadrant. We do not know of another example with letters in more than one quadrant. Unfortunately we can't read the legends or the letters in the quadrants but it is possible a specialist could improve the attribution.
CR68025. Billon denier, Unpublished(?), Malloy CCS -, Metcalf Crusades -, gF, weight 0.530 g, maximum diameter 13.6 mm, die axis 270o, obverse lion of Cyprus rampant left; reverse cross pattée, a letter in three or four of the quarters; extremely rare; SOLD


England and Ireland, Edward I Longshanks, 20 November 1272 – 7 July 1307 (Lord of Ireland from 1254)

|Ireland|, |England| |and| |Ireland,| |Edward| |I| |Longshanks,| |20| |November| |1272| |–| |7| |July| |1307| |(Lord| |of| |Ireland| |from| |1254)||penny|
Edward I was a tall man for his era, at 6'2" (1.88 m), hence the nickname "Longshanks." In 1254 his father granted him most of Ireland. Edward was on the 9th crusade when the Mamluk sultan Baibars sent an assassin to kill him. Although Edward killed the assassin, he was struck in the arm by a dagger, perhaps poisoned, and became severely ill. He was in Sicily on his way home when his father died. Edward was proclaimed king after his father's death, rather than at his own coronation, as had until then been customary. Edward was ruthless in pursuing his aims and crushing those who opposed him. After rebellion in Wales, he built a series of castles and towns in the countryside and settled them with English. Edward attempted the conquest of Scotland and had some success but rebellion continued. After Philip IV of France (a Scottish ally) confiscated the Duchy of Gascony, Edward went to war with France. He recovered his duchy but the conflict relieved military pressure against Scotland. When the Edward I died, his son Edward II was left with an ongoing war with Scotland and many financial and political problems.
ME98505. Silver penny, SCBC-SII 6264; SCBI 22 357 - 359, gF, toned, clashed dies, light marks, parts of legends weak, weight 1.340 g, maximum diameter 18.8 mm, die axis 180o, Dublin mint, 1297 - 1302; obverse EDW R - ANGL' D-NS hYB (Edwardus, Rex Angliae, Dominus Hibernie - Edward King of England, Lord of Ireland, small letters), crowned bust facing, in a triangle, one pellet below bust; reverse CIVI-TAS - DVBL-INIE (City of Dublin, large letters), long cross pattée, three pellets in each quadrant; SOLD


Crusaders, Frankish Greece, Principality of Achaea, Charles I of Anjou, 1278 - 1285

|Greece|, |Crusaders,| |Frankish| |Greece,| |Principality| |of| |Achaea,| |Charles| |I| |of| |Anjou,| |1278| |-| |1285||denier| |tournois|
Charles I (early 1226/1227 - 7 January 1285), commonly called Charles of Anjou, was a member of the royal Capetian dynasty and the founder of the second House of Anjou. He was Count of Provence (1246-85) and Forcalquier (1246-48, 1256-85) in the Holy Roman Empire, Count of Anjou and Maine (1246-85) in France; he was also King of Sicily (1266-85) and Prince of Achaea (1278-85). In 1272, he was proclaimed King of Albania; and in 1277 he purchased a claim to the Kingdom of Jerusalem.Carlos_I
CR88453. Billon denier tournois, Metcalf Crusades pl. 39, 950; Tzamalis Frankish KA203; Malloy CCS 11 (S), VF, toned, small edge cracks, overstruck on an earlier coin(?), weight 0.680 g, maximum diameter 18.2 mm, die axis 270o, Corinth mint, 1278 - 1285; obverse + ▼K• R• PRINC' ACH' (R with wedge shaped foot = Corinth mint), cross pattée within inner border; reverse ▼CLARENCIA▼(R with wedge shaped foot = Corinth mint), castle tournois surmounted by cross dividing legend; from the Louis G Estate; scarce; SOLD


Crusaders, Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, Hetoum I, 1226 - 1270 A.D., Ex John Quincy Adams Collection

|John| |Q.| |Adams| |Collection|, |Crusaders,| |Armenian| |Kingdom| |of| |Cilicia,| |Hetoum| |I,| |1226| |-| |1270| |A.D.,| |Ex| |John| |Quincy| |Adams| |Collection||kardez|
Ex John Quincy Adams Collection, 6th President of the United States, and His Descendants, ex Massachusetts Historical Society Collection, ex Stack’s Sale, 5-6 March 1971.
ME47630. Copper kardez, cf. Bedoukian CCA 1393 ff., Nercessian ACV 363 ff., aVF, weight 5.980 g, maximum diameter 28.8 mm, Sis mint, 1226 - 1270 A.D.; obverse Armenian inscription: Hetoum King of the Armenians, Hetoum seated facing on bench-like throne, fleur-de-lis tipped scepter (mace) in right, globus cruciger in left, star left; reverse Armenian inscription: Struck in the City of Sis, cross with wedges and a crescent in the angles; comes with a John Quincy Adams Collection tag from the Stacks Sale; SOLD


Byzantine Empire, Latin Crusader Rule, 12 April 1204 - 25 July 1261 A.D.

|Latin| |Crusader| |Rule|, |Byzantine| |Empire,| |Latin| |Crusader| |Rule,| |12| |April| |1204| |-| |25| |July| |1261| |A.D.||aspron| |trachy| |nomisma|
For 57 years after the crusader armies sacked the city, Constantinople was ruled by Latin princes.
BZ68060. Billon aspron trachy nomisma, DOC IV-1 31; SBCV 2024 var. (clipped to small module); imitative of Manuel I Comnenus; CLBC I 11.4.1, gVF, scyphate, weight 1.732 g, maximum diameter 21.1 mm, die axis 180o, Thessalonica (Salonika, Greece) mint, c. 1220 - 1230; obverse [IC] - XC, nimbate Christ, seated on throne without back, wearing tunic and kolobion, Gospels in left; reverse [MANOV]HΛ [ΔECΠOTHC], emperor standing facing, wearing stemma, divitision, and chlamys, sword in right, globus cruciger in left; SOLD


Byzantine Empire, Latin Crusader Rule, 12 April 1204 - 25 July 1261 A.D.

|Latin| |Crusader| |Rule|, |Byzantine| |Empire,| |Latin| |Crusader| |Rule,| |12| |April| |1204| |-| |25| |July| |1261| |A.D.||aspron| |trachy| |nomisma|
For 57 years after the crusader armies sacked the city, Constantinople was ruled by Latin princes.
BZ92837. Billon aspron trachy nomisma, Hendy p. 191, type B, pl. 25, 11 -12; DOC 4-2, p. 674, type B; SBCV 2022; Sommer 68.4, gVF, scyphate, excellent strike and preservation for the type, slightly off center, weight 1.897 g, maximum diameter 22.6 mm, die axis 180o, Constantinople (Istanbul, Turkey) mint, obverse Christ seated facing on throne with back, nimbate, bearded, wearing tunic and kolobion, Gospels in left hand, IC - XC divided across field; reverse MANOVHΛ [ΔECΠOTHC?], emperor standing facing, wearing stemma, divitision, and chlamys, sword pointed downward in right hand, globus cruciger in left hand; SOLD


Byzantine Empire, Latin Crusader Rule, 12 April 1204 - 25 July 1261 A.D.

|Latin| |Crusader| |Rule|, |Byzantine| |Empire,| |Latin| |Crusader| |Rule,| |12| |April| |1204| |-| |25| |July| |1261| |A.D.||aspron| |trachy| |nomisma|
Interesting Latin imitation of a type struck by the Byzantines of Nikaea.
BZ17887. Billon aspron trachy nomisma, SBCV 2050; DOC IV, pt. 2, 36b; Hendy, type G, pl. 29, 19 - 20; Sommer 68.27; Wolkow 369 ff., gVF, scyphate, weight 1.130 g, maximum diameter 19.1 mm, die axis 180o, Constantinople (Istanbul, Turkey) mint, obverse Nimbate Virgin enthroned facing, holding nimbate bust of Christ in her crossed arms, MP - ΘV (Greek abbreviation: Μητηρ Θεου; - Mother of God) across field; reverse Emperor Theodore, holding labarum, and St. Theodore, holding spear, together holding long scepter topped with a Patriarchal Cross; scarce with this quality of strike and preservation; SOLD




  



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REFERENCES

Bedoukian, P. Coinage of the Artaxiads of Armenia. RNS Special Publication 10. (London, 1978).
Bedoukian, P. Coinage of Cilician Armenia. ANSNNM 147. (1962).
Bellinger, A. Catalogue of the Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection, Alexius I to Michael VIII, 1081-1261. (Washington D.C., 1966).
Biaggi, E. Monete e Zecche medievali Italiane dal Sec. VIII al Sec. XV. (Torino, 1992).
Boudeau, E. Monnaies Françaises Provinciales. (Maastricht, 1970).
Boutin, S. Monnaies des Empires de Byzance - Collection of N.K. Volumes 1-2. (Maastricht, 1983).
Grierson, P. & L. Travaini. Medieval European Coinage, Vol. 14: Italy III: South Italy, Sicily, Sardinia. (Cambridge, 1998).
Hendy, M. Coinage and Money in the Byzantine Empire 1081-1261. (Washington D.C., 1969).
Malloy, A., I. Preston, & A. Seltman. Coins of the Crusader States, 2nd Edition. (New York, 2004).
Metcalf, D. Coinage of the Crusaders and the Latin East in the Ashmolean Museum Oxford. (London, 1995).
Metcalf, D. "Coinage of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem in the name of Baudouin" in NC 1978.
Metcalf, D. "Billon Coinage of the Crusading Principality of Antioch" in NC 1969. (London, 1969).
Münzen & Medaillen. Coins of the Crusader States and Their Successors, The Collection of Erich Wäckerlin, auction 47, 23 May 2019.
Nercessian, Y. Armenian Coins and Their Values. Armenian Numismatic Society, Special Publication 8. (Los Angeles, 1995).
Pesant, R. "Folles of Doubtful Attribution to Joscelyn de Courtenay, Count of Edessa" in NumCirc 93/6 (Jul-Aug 1985), pp. 188 - 189.
Pesant, R. "Three Additional Folles Presumably of Joscelyn of Edessa" in NumCirc 100/9 (Nov 1992), pp. 302 - 303.
Pesant, R. "Further comments on the presumed coinage of Joscelyn of Edessa" in NumCirc 102/9 (Oct 1994), pp. 355 - 356.
Phillips, M. "The 'Roupen' Hoard of Helmet Pennies of Antioch" in NC 2005.
Porteous, J. "Crusader Coinage with Greek or Latin Inscriptions" in A History of the Crusades, vol. IV. (Madison, 1989).
Sabine, C. "The billon and copper coinage of the crusader country of Tripoli, c. 1102-1268" in NC 1980, pp. 71 - 112, pls. 9 - 14.
Sear, D. Byzantine Coins and Their Values. (London, 1987).
Schlumberger, G. Numismatique de l'Orient latin. (1878; Supplement 1882; reprinted: Graz, 1954).
Sommer, A. Die Münzen des Byzantinischen Reiches 491-1453. Mit einem Anhang: Die Münzen des Kaiserreichs von Trapezunt. (Regenstauf, 2010).
Sotheby's. The John J. Slocum Collection of Coins of the Crusades, catalog of public auction, London, 6 Mar 1997.
Travaini, L. "Hohenstaufen and Angevin denari of Sicily and Southern Italy: their mint attributions" in NC 1993.
Tzamalis, A. "Addition to the tornesia of the 1st group of Guillaume de Villehardouin" in NK 11 (1992).
Tzamalis, A. "The first period of the Frankish tornesio. New evidence from an old hoard" in NK 9-10 (1990-1991).

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