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Home>Catalog>RomanCoins>TheImperators>JuliusCaesar

Julius Caesar, Imperator and Dictator, assassinated 15 March 44 B.C.

Gaius Julius Caesar is one of the most famous men in history. At the end of his brilliant military and political career he had gained control of the Roman state. His puppet senate heaped more and more honors upon him. In February 44 B.C. the senate named him dictator for life. Many senators, however, feared that he wished to become king, ending the Republic. On the 15th of March 44 B.C., 63 senators attacked him with knives they had hidden in the folds of their togas. This most famous of assassinations plunged the Roman Republic into 17 years of civil war, after which it would re-emerge as the Roman Empire.


Click for a larger photo This type was a special military coinage produced by Caesar during his final campaign. This campaign against the Pompeian forces in Spain culminated in the battle of Munda on 17 March 45 B.C. The obverse refers to Caesar's mythical descent from the goddess Venus. The reverse refers to Caesar's victories in Gaul and the male Gaulish captive may be Vercingetorix.
RS63678. Silver denarius, SRCV I 1404, BMCRR Spain 89, RSC I 13, Crawford 468/1, F, weight 3.316 g, maximum diameter 17.9 mm, die axis 135o, Spanish mint, 46 - 45 B.C.; obverse diademed head of Venus right, small Cupid behind; reverse trophy of Gallic arms; on left, Gallia seated left with hand to head in attitude of morning; on right, male (Vercingetorix?) captive seated right, hands bound behind, looking up; CAESAR in ex; $300.00 (€231.00)

Octavian, Triumvir and Imperator, Spring - Summer 36 B.C.
Click for a larger photo The star on the temple of Julius Caesar may be the "Julian Star," a bright comet which appeared in the skies during Julius Caesar's funeral games.
SH63668. Silver denarius, SRCV I 1545, RSC I 90, BMCRR Africa 33, Crawford 540/2, F, weight 3.760 g, maximum diameter 19.4 mm, die axis 180o, Italian mint, Spring - Summer 36 B.C.; obverse IMP CAESAR DIVI F III VIR ITER R P C, bare head of Octavian right; reverse COS ITER ET TER DESIG, hexastyle temple of Divus Julius containing his statue, wearing a veil and holding a lituus, DIVO IVL on architrave, star in pediment, flaming altar left; $270.00 (€207.90)

Julius Caesar and Octavian, Second Triumvirate, 36 B.C., Vienne, Gaul
Click for a larger photo Vienne is in south-eastern France, 20 miles (32 km) south of Lyon, on the Rhône River. Before the arrival of the Roman armies under Julius Caesar, Vienne was the capital city of the Allobroges. RPC misspells the name, Vienna.

The denomination struck at Vienne was a dupondius and the type was frequently halved to make two asses.
SH62320. Bronze cut fragment, cut half of RPC I 517, SNG Cop -, aVF, weight 9.271 g, maximum diameter 31.0 mm, die axis 0o, Gaul, Vienne mint, 36 B.C.; obverse IMP / CAESAR DIVI F DIVI IVLI, bare heads of Julius Caesar left [and Octavian right (off flan)]; reverse [C I V] (Colonia Iulia Viennensis), prow right with superstructure; $225.00 (€173.25)

Julius Caesar and Augustus, Thessalonica, Macedonia, 27 B.C. - 14 A.D.
Click for a larger photo Based on style and epigraphy, Touratsoglou dated this type to the reign of Domitian. Howgego, however, pointed out that some countermarks on coins of this type are otherwise found only on coins from Amphipolis dating from the reign of Augustus.
RP63711. Bronze AE 20, RPC I 1555, SNG ANS 828, Touratsoglou 6-8 (Domitian emission II, uncertain dies), F, flan crack, tooling(?), weight 8.339 g, maximum diameter 20.4 mm, die axis 180o, Thessalonica mint, 27 B.C. - 14 A.D. (or later); obverse QEOS, bare head of Divus Julius Caesar right; reverse QESSAL-ONIKEWN, bare head of Octavian Augustus right; $220.00 (€169.40)

Julius Caesar and Octavian, Second Triumvirate, 36 B.C., Vienne, Gaul
Click for a larger photo Vienne is in south-eastern France, 20 miles (32 km) south of Lyon, on the Rhône River. Before the arrival of the Roman armies under Julius Caesar, Vienne was the capital city of the Allobroges. RPC misspells the name, Vienna.

The denomination struck at Vienne was a dupondius and the type was frequently halved to make two asses.
RP63638. Bronze cut fragment, cut half of RPC I 517, VF, weight 6.996 g, maximum diameter 29.0 mm, die axis 0o, Gaul, Vienne mint, obverse IM[P / CAESAR DIVI F DIVI IVLI], bare heads of Julius Caesar left [and Octavian right (off flan)]; reverse [C I V] (Colonia Iulia Viennensis), prow right with superstructure; $200.00 (€154.00)

Julius Caesar and Octavian, Second Triumvirate, 36 B.C., Vienne, Gaul
Click for a larger photo Vienne is in south-eastern France, 20 miles (32 km) south of Lyon, on the Rhône River. Before the arrival of the Roman armies under Julius Caesar, Vienne was the capital city of the Allobroges. RPC misspells the name, Vienna.

The denomination struck at Vienne was a dupondius and the type was frequently halved to make two asses.
SH58999. Bronze cut fragment, cut half of RPC I 517, SNG Cop -, aVF, rough, weight 11.687 g, maximum diameter 32.2 mm, die axis 0o, Gaul, Vienne mint, obverse IMP / CAE[SAR] DIVI F DIVI IVLI, bare heads of Julius Caesar left [and Octavian right (off flan)]; reverse [C I V] (Colonia Iulia Viennensis), prow right with superstructure; $140.00 (€107.80)

Julius Caesar and Augustus Commemorative Restitution Issue, 81 - 96 A.D., Thessalonica, Macedonia
Click for a larger photo  
RP62503. Bronze AE 22, RPC I 1555, SNG ANS 824 ff., aF, weight 7.847 g, maximum diameter 18.7 mm, die axis 180o, Thessalonica mint, reign of Domitian, 81 - 96 A.D.; obverse QEOS, bare head of Julius Caesar right; reverse QESSALONIKEWN, bare head of Octavian Augustus right; $135.00 (€103.95)


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Obverse legends:

CAESARDICTINPERPETVO
CAESARDICTPERPETVO
CAESARDICTQVART
CAESARIMP
CAESARIMPER
CAESDICQVAR
CCAESARCOSTER
CCAESDICTER


REFERENCES

Banti, A. and L. Simonetti. Corpus Nummorum Romanorum. (Firenze, 1972-1979).
Cohen, H. Description historique des monnaies frappées sous l’Empire Romain. (Paris, 1880).
Crawford, M. Roman Republican Coinage. (Cambridge, 1974).
Grueber, H.A. Coins of the Roman Republic in The British Museum. (London, 1910).
Rutter, N.K. ed. Historia Numorum. Italy. (London, 2001).
Seaby, Sear, and Loosley. Roman Silver Coins, Volume I, The Republic to Augustus. (London, 1989).
Sear, D. R. The History and Coinage of the Roman Imperators 49 - 27 BC. (London, 1998).
Sear, D. R. Roman Coins and Their Values, Volume One, The Republic and the Twelve Caesars 280 BC - AD 86. (London, 2000).
Sydenham, E. The Coinage of the Roman Republic. (London, 1952).

Catalog current as of Saturday, May 18, 2013.
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Roman Coins of Caesar