| Money (Moneta) |  |
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| Hadrian, 11 August 117 - 10 July 138 A.D. |   | This type advertised Hadrian's forgiveness of debts early in his reign. He canceled the arrears of taxes due by individuals from Rome, Italy, and the provinces, for a total of 900 million sestertii and over a period of 16 years. The ceremony took place on the forum where a monument was erected to commemorate the event.
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| SH63712. Orichalcum sestertius, RIC II 592a, Cohen 1212, BMCRE III p. 417, 1208 var (drapery on far shoulder), F, weight 22.143 g, maximum diameter 31.3 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, 119 - 121 A.D.; obverse IMP CAESAR TRAIANVS HADRIANVS AVG P M TR P COS III, laureate bust right; reverse RELIQVA VETERA HS. NOVIES MILL. ABOLITA. S. C, Lictor standing left, fasces in left hand, lighting a heap of bonds with a torch in his right, before him, three citizens; very rare; $500.00 (€385.00) |
| Severus Alexander, 13 March 222 - March 235 A.D. |  | In 224, King Ardashir I defeated Artabanus IV at Hormizdegan (modern Shushtar), destroying the Parthian Empire and establishing the Sassanid dynasty. Artabanus's brother Vologases VI continued to rule with Armenian and Kushan support over outlying parts of Parthia. |
| SH56934. Orichalcum sestertius, BMCRE VI 204 var (S - C outer fields and lower); RIC IV 587 var (anvil not mentioned); Cohen -, cf. 179 (MONETA AVG), aVF, nice green patina, weight 19.148 g, maximum diameter 31.3 mm, die axis 0o, Rome mint, 224 A.D.; obverse IMP CAES M AVR SEV ALEXANDER AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right, from behind; reverse MONETA AVGVSTI, S - C, Moneta standing half left, scales in right held over die anvil at feet on left, cornucopia in left; rare; $225.00 (€173.25) |
| Antoninus Pius, August 138 - 7 March 161 A.D. |  | Liberalitas coins advertise distributions of money by the emperor to the people, usually on important occassions or upon his return to Rome after a long absence. This coin commemorates Antoninus' third Liberalitas, distributed in 145 A.D., perhaps for the wedding of Marcus Aurelius and Faustina the Younger. |
| RS59748. Silver denarius, RSC II 490, RIC III 156, BMCRE IV 576, gVF, rainbow toning, weight 3.215 g, maximum diameter 18.6 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, 145 A.D.; obverse ANTONINVS AVG PIVS P P, laureate head right; reverse TR POT COS IIII, Liberalitas standing left, vexillum in right, cornucopia in left, LIB IIII in ex; ex Forum (2011); $150.00 (€115.50) |
| Roman Republic, L. Plaetorius Cestianus, c. 74 B.C. |  | A cestus was a battle glove made with leather strips. Roman variants included the myrmex (limb-piercer) and others featuring iron plates, spikes, or studs. Caestus were used in gladiatorial bouts, where otherwise unarmed combatants, mostly slaves, fought to the death. Caestus boxing became increasingly bloody until hand-to-hand fighting was officially banned in 393 A.D. On this coin type the caestus are an allusion to the moneyer's cognomen Cestianus.
This rare type was struck in an unusual small issue by the quaestor L. Plaetorius, as directed by a special decree of the senate. The issue was likely struck for some specific purpose, which is now unknown. |
| RR63767. Silver denarius, RSC I Plaetoria 2; Crawford 396/1b, Sydenham 792a, BMCRR 3314 ff. (various athletic related control symbols), F, porous, banker, weight 3.306 g, maximum diameter 16.6 mm, die axis 45o, Rome mint, c. 74 B.C.; obverse MONETA, diademed and draped bust of Juno right, wearing earring and necklace, hair in a knot, S C below chin; reverse L. PlAETORI (on left), L. F. Q. S. C. (on right), victorious athlete running right, palm branch over shoulder in right, pair of caestus in left, control symbol below; rare; $125.00 (€96.25) |
| Julia Domna, Augusta 194 - 8 April 217 A.D. |  | Julia Domna, was from Emesa. She was the youngest daughter of high-priest Julius Bassianus, a descendant of the Royal House of Emesa. |
| RS49580. Silver denarius, RIC IV 627 var (reverse legend), SRCV II 6591 var (same), F, weight 2.695 g, maximum diameter 16.9 mm, die axis 0o, Emesa mint, 194 - 195 A.D.; obverse IVLIA DOMNA AVG, draped bust right; reverse LIBER AVG, Liberalitas standing left, counting board in right, cornucopia in left; very rare; $110.00 (€84.70) |
| Commodus, March or April 177 - 31 December 192 A.D. |  | This type has the earliest depiction of the Three Monetae on coinage. |
| RB63622. Orichalcum sestertius, RIC III 500, Fair, weight 19.208 g, maximum diameter 30.1 mm, die axis 0o, Rome mint, 187 A.D.; obverse M COMMODVS ANT P FELIX AVG BRIT, laureate head right; reverse P M TR P XII IMP VIII COS V P P/ MON AVG/ S C, Three Monetae standing left, each holding scale in right and cornucopia in left; $100.00 (€77.00) |
| Severus Alexander, 13 March 222 - March 235 A.D. |  | In 222, Severus Alexander became emperor when he was only 13 years old. His mother, Julia Mamaea, governed the Roman Empire with the help of Domitius Ulpianus and a council composed of 16 senators. |
| RS56379. Silver denarius, RIC IV 281, RSC III 108, gVF, weight 3.188 g, maximum diameter 18.2 mm, die axis 0o, Antioch mint, 222 - 228 A.D.; obverse IMP C M AVR SEV ALEXAND AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right, from behind; reverse LIBERALITAS AVG, Liberalitas standing left, counting board in right, cornucopia in left; $90.00 (€69.30) |
| Philip I the Arab, February 244 - End of September 249 A.D. |  | Liberality is personified by the image of a woman, holding in one hand a counting board, or square tablet with a handle on which are cut a certain number of holes. These boards were used to quickly count the proper number of coins or other items for distribution to each person. It appears they were held over a container, covered with coins and the excess swept away back into the container. The proper number of coins would fill the holes and then would be dumped out to the recipient. On coins this symbol indicated the prince had given to the people money, grain, or other articles of consumption. In the other hand she holds a cornucopia, to indicate the abundance of wheat contained in the public graineries. |
| RS41831. Silver antoninianus, SRCV III 8937, RIC IV 38b, RSC IV 87, aEF, weight 2.953 g, maximum diameter 22.7 mm, die axis 0o, Rome mint, 245 A.D.; obverse IMP M IVL PHILIPPVS AVG, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right, from behind; reverse LIBERALITAS AVGG II, Liberalitas standing left, counting board in right, cornucopia in left; well struck with excellent reverse detail, areas of corrosion; $85.00 (€65.45) |
| Caracalla, 28 January 198 - 8 April 217 A.D. |  | In 212, Caracalla issued his Constitutio Antoniniana, which extended Roman citizenship to all free inhabitants of the Roman Empire (with some exceptions). |
| RS57053. Silver denarius, RIC IV 224, RSC III 165, aVF, weak reverse, weight 3.521 g, maximum diameter 19.5 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, 210 - 213 A.D.; obverse ANTONINVS PIVS AVG BRIT, laureate head right; reverse MONETA AVG, Moneta standing left, scales in right, cornucopia in left; $85.00 (€65.45) |
| Julia Domna, Augusta 194 - 8 April 217 A.D. |  | In 194, Septimius Severus marched with his army of 12 legions to Cilicia and defeated Pescennius Niger, governor of Syria, at the Battle of Issus. Pescennius retreated to Antioch where he was executed by Severus' troops. |
| RS60467. Silver denarius, RIC IV 610, RSC III 144, BMCRE V 329, gF, dark toning, weight 2.407 g, maximum diameter 18.8 mm, die axis 0o, Alexandria mint, 194 A.D.; obverse IVLIA DOMNA AVG, draped bust right; reverse MONETA AVG, Moneta standing half left, scales in right, cornucopia in left; toned, scratch; rare; $85.00 (€65.45) |
| Septimius Severus, 9 April 193 - 4 February 211 A.D. |  | |
| SH49575. Silver denarius, RSC III 281, RIC IV 18, SRCV II -, nice VF, weight 3.241 g, maximum diameter 19.1 mm, die axis 0o, Rome mint, 193 - 194 A.D.; obverse IMP CAE L SEP SEV PERT AVG, laureate head right; reverse LIBERAL AVG COS, Liberalitas, standing left, counting board in right, cornucopia in left; $80.00 (€61.60) |
| Caracalla, 28 January 198 - 8 April 217 A.D. |  | Liberality is personified by the image of a woman, holding in one hand a counting board, or square tablet with a handle on which are cut a certain number of holes. These boards were used to quickly count the proper number of coins or other items for distribution to each person. It appears they were held over a container, covered with coins and the excess swept away back into the container. The proper number of coins would fill the holes and then would be dumped out to the recipient. On coins this symbol indicated the prince had given to the people money, grain, or other articles of consumption. In the other hand she holds a cornucopia, to indicate the abundance of wheat contained in the public graineries. |
| RS56151. Silver denarius, RIC IV 136b, RSC 124, VF, weight 3.388 g, maximum diameter 20.5 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, 201 - 206 A.D.; obverse ANTONINVS PIVS AVG, laureate and draped bust right; reverse LIBERALITAS AVGG V, Liberalitas standing left, counting board in right, cornucopia in left; $75.00 (€57.75) |
| Septimius Severus, 9 April 193 - 4 February 211 A.D. |  | Emesa was famous for its Temple of the Sun, the center of worship for the ancient pagan cult El-Gebal (or Elagabal). El-Gebal, worshipped in the form of a conical black stone, was the Aramaic name for the Syrian Sun God and means God of the Mountain. |
| RS50881. Silver denarius, RIC IV 399, RSC 283, gF, weight 2.709 g, maximum diameter 17.7 mm, die axis 0o, Emesa mint, 194 A.D.; obverse IMP CAE L SEP SEV PERT AVG COS II, laureate head right; reverse LIBERA AVG, Liberalitas standing left, polos (small modius) on head, counting board in right, cornucopia in left; scarce; $60.00 (€46.20) |
| Valerian I, October 253 - c. June 260 A.D. |  | In 254 A.D. the Roman Empire was threatened by the Alemanni, Franks and Marcomanni in Germania, by the Goths in the Danube region (Moesia and Thrace) and Asia Minor, and by the Persians in the East. |
| RS54384. Billon antoninianus, RIC V 104, RSC IV 119, VF, weight 3.691 g, maximum diameter 21.2 mm, die axis 180o, Antioch mint, 254 - 255 A.D.; obverse IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AVG, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right; reverse LIBERALITAS AVGG III, Liberalitas standing facing, head left, abacus (or coin counter) with five holes in right hand, cornucopia in left; good metal, nice reverse detail; $55.00 (€42.35) |
| Philip I the Arab, February 244 - End of September 249 A.D. |  | Liberality is personified by the image of a woman, holding in one hand a counting board, or square tablet with a handle on which are cut a certain number of holes. These boards were used to quickly count the proper number of coins or other items for distribution to each person. It appears they were held over a container, covered with coins and the excess swept away back into the container. The proper number of coins would fill the holes and then would be dumped out to the recipient. On coins this symbol indicated the prince had given to the people money, grain, or other articles of consumption. In the other hand she holds a cornucopia, to indicate the abundance of wheat contained in the public graineries. |
| RS53534. Silver antoninianus, SRCV III 8937, RIC IV 38b, RSC IV 87, gVF, frosty surfaces, weight 4.176 g, maximum diameter 23.3 mm, die axis 0o, Rome mint, 245 A.D.; obverse IMP M IVL PHILIPPVS AVG, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right, from behind; reverse LIBERALITAS AVGG II, Liberalitas standing left, counting board in right, cornucopia in left; nicely centered on a large round flan; $45.00 (€34.65) |
| Postumus, Summer 260 - Spring 269 A.D. |  | |
| RS56682. Silver antoninianus, RSC IV 199, RIC V 75, VF, weight 3.160 g, maximum diameter 21.8 mm, die axis 0o, Lugdunum (Lyon) mint, c. 266 - 267 AD; obverse IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate and draped bust right; reverse MONETA AVG, Moneta standing left, scales in right, cornucopia in left; $40.00 (€30.80) |
| Claudius II Gothicus, September 268 - August or September 270 A.D. |  | |
| BB51815. Bronze antoninianus, RIC V 57, gVF, flat strike areas, weight 2.554 g, maximum diameter 19.5 mm, die axis 0o, Rome mint, 268 - 270 A.D.; obverse IMP C CLAVDIVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right; reverse LIBERALITAS AVG, Liberalitas standing left, counting board in right, cornucopia in left; $31.00 (€23.87) |
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