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Octavian, Triumvir and Imperator, Augustus 16 January 27 B.C. - 19 August 14 A.D.

Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was adopted by his great-uncle Julius Caesar in 44 BC, and between then and 27 BC was officially named Gaius Julius Caesar. After 27 BC, he was named Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus. Because of the various names he bore, it is common to call him Octavius when referring to events between 63 and 44 B.C., Octavian (or Octavianus) when referring to events between 44 and 27 B.C., and Augustus when referring to events after 27 B.C. The first and possibly greatest Roman emperor, he founded the Roman Empire after defeating Mark Antony and Cleopatra. As emperor, he reformed the coinage and the military, and embarked on a huge building program all across the empire. After a long reign of 41 years, from 27 B.C. to 14 A.D., he died at the age of 77.


Roman Republic, The Second Triumvirate, Lepidus and Octavian, 42 B.C.
Click for a larger photo From the Prof. Henry H. Armstrong collection. In 1909 and 1910, when he purchased this coin, Professor Armstrong lived in Rome working as a Research Associate of the Carnegie Institution in Archaeology teaching at the American School for Classical Studies. From 1918 until his death in 1935 he taught at Beloit College as head of the Department of Romance Languages. Nicknamed "Sparky" by the students, his death after a two-week illness came as a shock to the college. His coins, inherited by his son, sat in a cigar box for the next 74 years.
SH39693. Silver denarius, SRCV I 1523, RSC I Aemilia 35, RSC 2, Crawford 495/2, F, flat strike centers, weight 3.778 g, maximum diameter 20.6 mm, die axis 180o, Italian mint, spring - summer 42 B.C.; obverse LEPIDVS PONT MAX IIIV(R) R P C, bare head of Lepidus right; reverse CAESAR IMP IIIVR R P C, bare head of Octavian right; old "cigar box" collection toning; from the Prof. Henry H. Armstrong collection, handwritten envelope notes, "Champion, Purchase, 1909 - 1910"; rare; $1000.00 (€830.00)

Marc Antony, Octavian and Lepidus, Triumvirs, 26 November 43 - 36 B.C.
Click for a larger photo RPC notes uncertainty regarding the reverse legend of this type. Apparently, none are fully and clearly legible. There is some question regarding the final Z. They note it may be X. On our example however, it seems clearly to be Z.

The Second Triumvirate officially expired after two five year terms in 33 B.C., but Octavian unilaterally expelled Lepidus in 36 B.C. While this effectively ended the three-man Triumvirate, Octavian and Mark Antony continued to serve as "triumvirs" despite their number.
SH26040. Bronze AE 17, RPC I 2573, BMCRR 194 corr, VF, green patina, weight 3.400 g, maximum diameter 16.6 mm, die axis 0o, Ephesos mint, 39 B.C.; obverse three jugate heads of the Triumvirs right; reverse ARCIEREUS GRAM GLAUKWN EFE MAZAS, facing cult statue of Artemis with supports; ex CNG; $990.00 (€821.70) ON RESERVE

Octavian Augustus, 16 January 27 B.C. - 19 August 14 A.D., Thessalonica, Macedonia
Click for a larger photo
RP42733. Bronze AE 22, Touratsoglou p. 143, 36 (V7 - R33), RPC I 1554, SGICV 151, VF, green patina, weight 9.251 g, maximum diameter 21.2 mm, die axis 0o, Thessalonica mint, c. 28 - 27 B.C.; obverse QEOS, crowned head of Julius Caesar right, countermark: SM within oval incuse; reverse QESSALONIKEWN, bare head of Octavian Augustus right; $135.00 (€112.05)

Octavian, 16 January 27 B.C. - 19 August 14 A.D., Roman Provincial Egypt
Click for a larger photo RPC notes, "Struck in two denominations, with the value marks P and M. The value marks and the reverse type (eagle and cornucopia) provide a direct link with the coinage of Cleopatra, indicating that these are the earliest coins of the reign. The absence of SEBASTOS in the otherwise very full legend suggests a date of 30 - 28 B.C."
RX42725. Bronze diobol, Dattari 2, RPC I 5001, BMC Alexandria 2, Kampmann and Ganschow 2.5, aF, surface cracks, weight 15.709 g, maximum diameter 26.3 mm, die axis 0o, Alexandria mint, first series, c. 30 - 28 B.C.; obverse QEOU UIOU, bare head right; reverse KAISAROS AUTOKRATOROS, eagle standing left, double cornucopia before, P behind; $100.00 (€83.00)


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Catalog current as of Friday, July 30, 2010.
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