The names and typological break-down of the position of the horseman varies in different sources. Below is a (poorly formatted) excerpt from my 2019 article in
KOINON volume II, "Back in the saddle again: a re-examination of the
FEL TEMP REPARATIO falling horseman
type."
Sub-types Based on the Position of the Horseman
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The position of the horseman is traditionally used to divide the FTR-FH
type into sub-types. In
LRBC,
Carson and
Kent identified four sub-types based on the position of the horseman vis-à-vis the
horse. Their four sub-types are: (footnote 56)
FH1 Horseman in kneeling position beside
horse FH2 Horseman sitting on ground beside
horse FH3 Horseman falling from
horse and raising
arm behind
FH4 Horseman falling and clutching
horse’s neck
However, in 1981 in RIC-VIII,
Kent reduced the number of sub-types to three as he believed that the previous FH1 variation was simply a different form of FH4 wherein the horseman’s knees were bent.
Kent’s three sub-types are: (footnote 57)
FH1 Horseman sitting beside fallen
horse, facing
his attacker, to whom he lifts
his arms
FH2 Horseman lying along the back of fallen
horse, arms apparently clutching its neck
FH3 Horseman clutching
horse’s neck with right hand,
head turned back towards attacker, to whom he raises
his left
armIn
his 2002 book on
Roman bronze coins,
Failmezger used
LRBC’s four sub-types instead of adopting
Kent’s more recent three. He noted that
LRBC’s FH1 and FH4 can be distinguished by the direction that the
horse’s
head faces. Despite this difference, I believe that
Kent was correct in grouping
LRBC’s FH1 and FH4 together into one sub-type.
As is discussed below, the main diagnostic feature for these two variations is the fact that the horseman leans forwards, away from the Emperor and towards the left
side of the coin.
While I believe that
Kent’s breakdown into three sub-types is best, I will use capital letters instead of numbers to avoid confusion between the different systems.
Sub-Type Horseman Design LRBC RIC-VIIIA Horseman facing Emperor 2 1
B Horseman leaning forward 1 and 4 2
C Horseman reaching back 3 3
56.
Hill,
Kent and
Carson (1978), 108.
57.
Kent (1981), 38.
SC