From the article
Archaeologists Uncover Vast Ancient
Roman Mining Operation in
SpainThe
Romans exploited an even more ancient mine but built elaborate ventilated underground galleries, going deeper than
had been thought possible at the time.
Turdetani, the original inhabitants of the region, over 4,000 years ago. Now the excavators have discovered an elaborate system of ventilated underground galleries connected by tunnels dating to the
Roman era.
They also found shafts connecting at various heights forming floors that let the miners extract metal deeper than
had been believed possible at the time. Happily for the miners, the ancient
Romans were on to the secret of ventilation.
The Munigua mine supplied the
Roman Empire with vast amounts of iron and copper until the late second century C.E., when all the mines in
Hispania were shut down
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https://www.haaretz.com/archaeology/1.774629