This is a lovely group of
Spanish leads you have here. I believe that the majority of the ones you posted date to the late 1st-mid 3rd centuries AD. The striking of lead coins in the
area appears to have started a
bit earlier than that, in the 2nd century BC with some big pieces, and with the small ones discussed by
Stannard. The fact that several bear the names of
municipia Flavia imply that at least certain
types cannot date earlier than Vespasian's reconstruction.
I think the phallic
type you posted might be
Italian in origin. Now, an example of this
type was found at Minturnae, which shares a number of lead and bronze
types with
Baetica, but this particular
type is
cast,
as is characteristic of
tesserae from around
Rome. Does yours have a
Spanish provenance?
Phallus
Two-pronged pitchfork
Rostovstev 919
corr. (
rev. description); Minturnae 49
Here is one of my pieces from Oducia. I have a number more of the
Spanish issues. I will try to upload them this weekend for you.
MF/OD within
wreath (Municipium Flavium Oducensis)
Blank
Cf. Casariego, Cores, & Pliego 14b
I'm afraid there are precious few references beyond those you already have. Here are a few:
Medas, Stefano, Mechtild
Overbeck, and Novella
Vismara. 1996. Minturnae Antiqaurium: Monete Dal Garigliano II.
Rome: Soprintendenza Archeologica
per il Lazio. (A site in
Italy with Spanish-related lead and bronze)
Serrano, Bartolomé Mora. 2003. “Un Depósito de Plomos Monetiformes de Procedencia Bética Conservado En El Museo Arqueológico Nacional.” In XIII Congresso Internacionale de Numismaticá (Madrid 2003), 517–522.
A list of settlements in
Baetica, including
Municipia Flavia.
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anexo:Poblaciones_romanas_de_la_B%C3%A9tica