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| 355 pictures in 28 albums and 5 categories with 2 comments viewed 35793 times |
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500–479 BC The Greek world during the Greco-Persian Wars390 viewsThe first Persian invasion of Greece, during the Persian Wars, began in 492 BCE, and ended with the decisive Athenian victory at the Battle of Marathon in 490 BCE. The invasion, consisting of two distinct campaigns, was ordered by the Persian king Darius I primarily in order to punish the city-states of Athens and Eretria. These cities had supported the cities of Ionia during their revolt against Persian rule, thus incurring the wrath of Darius. Darius also saw the opportunity to extend his empire into Europe, and to secure its western frontier.
The first campaign in 492 BCE, led by Mardonius, re-subjugated Thrace and forced Macedon to become a client kingdom of Persia. However, further progress was prevented when Mardonius's fleet was wrecked in a storm off the coast of Mount Athos. The following year, having demonstrated his intentions, Darius sent ambassadors to all parts of Greece, demanding their submission. He received it from almost all of them, except Athens and Sparta, both of whom executed the ambassadors. With Athens still defiant, and Sparta now effectively at war with him, Darius ordered a further military campaign for the following year.
The second campaign, in 490 BCE, was under the command of Datis and Artaphernes. The expedition headed first to the island Naxos, which it captured and burnt. It then island-hopped between the rest of the Cycladic Islands, annexing each into the Persian empire. Reaching Greece, the expedition landed at Eretria, which it besieged, and after a brief time, captured. Eretria was razed and its citizens enslaved. Finally, the task force headed to Attica, landing at Marathon, en route for Athens. There, it was met by a smaller Athenian army, which nevertheless proceeded to win a remarkable victory at the Battle of Marathon.
This defeat prevented the successful conclusion of the campaign, and the task force returned to Asia. Nevertheless, the expedition had fulfilled most of its aims, punishing Naxos and Eretria, and bringing much of the Aegean under Persian rule. The unfinished business from this campaign led Darius to prepare for a much larger invasion of Greece, to firmly subjugate it, and to punish Athens and Sparta. However, internal strife within the empire delayed this expedition, and Darius then died of old age. It was thus left to his son Xerxes I to lead the second Persian invasion of Greece, beginning in 480 BCE
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1154 Duchy of Aquitane72 viewsMedieval France 1154
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30 BC Republican Rome125 views
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Africa Septentrionalis (North Africa)90 views
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Ancient Spain95 views
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395 AD The Roman Empire159 views
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The Beginnings of Historic Greece 700 - 600 BC 41 views
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800 AD Mediterranean47 views
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650 AD Byzantine Empire26 viewsThe Byzantine Empire in 650 - by this year it had lost all of its southern provinces except the Exarchate of Africa.Jul 04, 2014
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The Vandalic War in 533-534 22 viewsJun 06, 2014
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The Vandalic War in 533-53419 viewsEnglish: Map of the operations of the Vandalic War in 533-534, including the rebellions on Tripolitania and Sardinia. Topography taken from from DEMIS Mapserver, which are public domain, other wise self-made. Sources: The History of the Wars by Procopius of Caesarea; J.B. Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire; James Allan Stewart Evans, The Age of Justinian: The Circumstances of Imperial Power, ISBN 9780415022095; Ian Hughes, Belisarius: The Last Roman General, ISBN 9781594160851.Jun 06, 2014
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Map of the Roman Empire with main harbors and fleets from Augustus to Septimius Severus42 viewsMay 30, 2014
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Byzantine-Sassanid Border 384 AD to Reign of Justinian I31 viewsThe frontier between the Roman and Sassanid Persian Empires after the treaty of 384 AD. Despite recurrent warfare, the frontier remained stable throughout the 5th century and until the reign of Justinian I.May 16, 2014
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Byzantine-Sassanid Border 565 AD42 viewsThe frontier between the Roman and Sassanid Persian Empires at the death of Emperor Justinian I in 565 AD. It includes the provincial reorganization of 536 and Lazica.May 16, 2014
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Sassanid Empire37 viewsThe normal borders of the great Sassanid Empire during much of its existence. (Map by Frank Smitha used by permission granted on December 15, 2006 by his agent, Marilynn Bell.)May 16, 2014
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The frontier between the Roman/Byzantine and Sassanid Persian empires in Late Antiquity (4th-7th centuries)65 viewsThe frontier between the Roman/Byzantine and Sassanid Persian empires in Late Antiquity (4th-7th centuries). Basemap taken from Image:Arshakuni Armenia 150-en.svg. Sources: G. Greatrex & S.N.C. Lieu: The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars (Part II, 363–630 AD). Routledge 2002, ISBN 0-415-14687-9, pp. xxix–xxxii; R.W. Thomson, J. Howard-Johnston & T. Greenwood: The Armenian history attributed to Sebeos Liverpool University Press 1999, ISBN 0-85323-564-3, pp. 360–363; Map of the cities listed in Hierocles' Synecdemus after Ernest Honigmann, Le Synecdèmos d'Hiéroclès et l'opuscule géographique de Georges de Chypre, Brussels 1939May 16, 2014
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