[Wroth, B. M. C., Troas, &c.]

Abydus, on the Hellespont, a colony of Miletus, has been thought to have been one of the places of mintage, in the sixth century B.C., of some of the early electrum staters of the Milesian standard, but as we have no inscriptions to guide us, the attribution of the following specimens is rather doubtful; see infra, Ionia.

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In B.C. 411 Abydus revolted from Athens and remained the Spartan military station on the Hellespont till circ. B.C. 387. The finest coins belong to this period. The gold was probably derived from mines in the territory of Abydus (B. M. C., Troas, p. xl. f.).

Inscr., ΑΒΥ; ΑΒΥΔΗ. Obv. Head of Apollo, rev. Eagle; Head of Artemis; Stag; Torch and quiver; Two torches; Lyre; Eagle, &c.

On the conclusion of the war with Philip V of Macedon, the Romans conferred freedom upon Abydus and other Asiatic towns (Livy xxxiii. 30). Then, or perhaps somewhat later, it began, like most of the other seaports of Western Asia Minor, to strike large spread tetradrachms of Attic weight.

Bust of Artemis.

ΑΒΥΔΗΝΩΝ Eagle; laurel-wreath. Various magistrates’ names and symbols. AR Attic Tetradr.

FIG. 285.

Imperial— Augustus to Maximinus. Inscr., ΑΒΥΔΗΝΩΝ or abbrev. Types: Several relating to Artemis; Leander swimming to the light-

Achilleion, a small fortified town near Sigeium, with the tomb of Achilles.

Helmet. [Imh., Kleinas. M., i, p. 33.]	(= ΑΧ). Æ .4
Head of Athena, in helmet. [Ib., p. 34.]	Id. in wreath. Æ .35

Alexandria Troas (Eski Stambul), founded under the name Antigoneia, circ. B.C. 310, by Antigonus, who brought thither the inhabitants of Cebren, Colone, Hamaxitus, Neandria, and Scepsis. About B.C. 300 it was improved by Lysimachus, and re-named Alexandreia.

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Cf. Æ of Hamaxitus (p. 546) and Neandria (p. 547).

For Alexandrine and Seleucid coins attributed to this mint see Müller, Alex. 923, 924; B. M. C., Troas, p. xiv; Maonald, Hunter Cat., iii. p. 21; and J. H. S., 1903, pp. 94 ff.

Head of Apollo.

ΑΛΕΞΑΝ or ΑΛΕ Horse feeding; in ex., fulmen. Æ .75-.4

FIG. 286.

Æ Inscr., ΑΛΕΞΑΝ; ΑΛΕΞ. Types: Head of Apollo; Lyre; Tripod.

Colonial Coinage. Commodus to Gallienus; also quasi-autonomous, Caracalla to Gallienus. Inscr., COL AVG TROAD; COL TROA; COL ALEXAND AVG. Types: Chiefly relating to Apollo Smintheus, whose temple lay south of Alexandreia Troas. His cultus-statue represents him holding bow and phiale (on this type and its relation to the Apollo Smintheus of Scopas, represented with a mouse at his feet, see B. M. C., Troas, p. xvi and reff. there). Other types probably connected with this Apollo are:—Herdsman and feeding horse; Herdsman standing before a cavern in which is a statue of the Apollo (cf. Imh., Kleinas. M., i. p. 36); Herdsman with Apollo (B. M. C., Troas, pp. xvii, xviii; N. C., 1899, p. 98). Also Eagle holding bull’s head (B. M. C., Troas, p. xviii); Nine men seated on platform, probably the local Senate, Curia decurionum (B. M. C., Troas, p. 27); Triumphal arch (Imh., Kleinas. M., p. 507). On the quasi-auton. is a head of the Tyche of the city with inscr. COL ALEX TRO. Also the usual Colonial types:—Marsyas statue; Genius standing; Drunken Herakles, Pan and Satyrs, &c.

Antandrus, on the north of the Gulf of Adramyteum. The goddess on its coins is doubtless the Artemis Astyrene, whose temple in a grove at the neighbouring Astyra was under the administration of Antandrus (B. M. C., Troas, p. xxxvii). The goat seems to have been the παρασημον of the town (see N. C., 1899, p. 1 f.).

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Imperial. Titus to Sept. Severus. Also quasi-autonomous. Inscr. ΑΝΤΑΝΔΡΕΩΝ; ΑΝΤΑΝΔΡΙΩΝ. Types: Archaic statue of Artemis ΑCΤΥΡΗΝΗ (Z. f. N., vii. p. 24); Asklepios; Hephaestos standing; Goat; Apollo with name SchizanosΣχιζανος or SchizaiosΣχιζαιος (Imh., Kl. M., p. 507).

Assus (Bekhram), a flourishing stronghold of southern Troas, incorporated with the kingdom of Pergamum in B.C. 241. Athena Polias was the principal goddess (B. M. C., Troas, p. xxxv f.).

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Imperial. Augustus to Sev. Alexander. Inscr. ΑΣΣΙ; ΑCCΙΩΝ. Types: Athena; Zeus; Asklepios; Serpent on altar; Griffin; male, or female, figure holding vase (Imh., Kl. M., p. 37, No. 1).

Magistrate. Strategos; sometimes, Archon (Imh., Kl. M., p. 508).

Birytis. Coins of end of fourth century B.C., and beginning of third century.

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Head of Herakles facing.	Head of beardless Kabeiros in pilos, between two stars. AR 8 grs. [Brit. Mus.; also similar Æ Berlin Mus. (Z. f. N., xxiv. p. 107)].
Head of beardless Kabeiros in pilos; above, two stars.	ΒΙΡΥ Club in wreath. Æ .75-.45
Head of bearded Kabeiros in pilos.	ΒΙΡΥ Club in wreath. Æ .45
Head of bearded Kabeiros in pilos.	ΒΙΡΥ Triskeles of crescents. Æ .4

Cebren. The principal type is a ram, which may, perhaps, refer to some cultus of the Kabeiri at this town (von Fritze, Z. f. N., xxiv. p. 115).

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After the overthrow of the Athenian domination that had prevailed in the fifth century, Cebren fell (circ. B.C. 400) under Persian influence, and was governed by the satrap, Zenis of Dardanus, and by Mania, his widow. About B.C. 310 Antigonus removed the inhabitants to his new town, Antigoneia (Alexandreia Troas).

ΚΕΒΡΗΝΙ Two rams’ heads; between them, floral device.	Quadripartite incuse square. AR ll grs.
Two rams’ heads; between them, floral device.	ΚΕ (in monogram). Æ .4
Young male head in Persian head-dress hound with laurel-wreath.	ΚΕ (in monogram). Æ .4
Head of Apollo.	Κ Head of ram. Æ .4
Head of Apollo; beneath, eagle.	ΚΕ (in monogram). Æ .8
ΚΕ Head of Apollo.	Head of ram; beneath, usually, eagle. Æ .8-.6

The following coins closely resemble the latest bronze pieces with the name of Cebren, and it may be inferred from them that in B.C. 310, or later, Cebren was repeopled under the auspices of a Seleucid king, and restored with the name of Antiocheia (B. M. C., Troas, p. xx; Imhoof, Kleinas. M., p. 43).

Head of Apollo (sometimes with Κ).

ΑΝΤΙΟΧΕΩΝ Head of ram; beneath, symbol (Kl. M., p. 41).

Colone, incorporated with Antigoneia (Alexandreia Troas) circ. B.C. 310. It had a cultus of Apollo Killaeos (B. M. C., Troas, p. xxi).

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Dardanus (Maltepé), on the Hellespont. The usual type of the autonomous coins is a cock or cock-fight (cf. Pollux ix. 84 to nomismati enecharaxanto ... Dardaneis de alektruonon machaenτω νομισματι ενεχαραξαντο ... Δαρδανεισ δε αλεκτρυονων μαχην). Concerning the early electrum coins dating from the latter half of the seventh century B.C., with this type, see Hogarth, Archaic Artemisia, 1908, p. 89. They were probably struck in Lydia.

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The following electrum stater, with the cock as type, has been assigned to Dardanus: see B. M. C., Troas, p. xlii.

FIG. 287.

The attribution of this stater is, however, doubtful: see Ionia, infra.

Imperial. Augustus to Sept. Severus and family. Inscr. ΔΑΡΔΑΝΙΩΝ. Types: Chiefly Trojan. Rape of Ganymede; Flight of Aeneas; Naked warrior (Dardanos) standing (Imh., Kl. M., p. 38); Caracalla on horse holding Palladium (Imh., G. M., p. 626, No. 221); Bull approaching altar, and bird on column (N. C., 1900, p. 17); River-god ΡΟΔΙΟC (B. M. C., Troas, p. 51); Athena.

Gargara. Famous in antiquity for its fertile soil. Its principal coins are earlier than the establishment of the Pergamene Kingdom in B.C. 284.

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Imperial—Augustus to Sept. Severus (cf. B. M. C., Troas, p. xxxviii). Inscr. ΓΑΡΓΑΡΕΩΝ. Types: Kybele seated (Imh., Kl. M., p. 39, No. 6); Bull rushing. Mag. (on some) Strategos (Invent. Wadd.).

Gentinus (Steph. Byz. s. v.). Æ of the fourth century B.C.

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Female head (Artemis ?).	ΓΕΝ Bee; in field, palm-tree. Æ 6
Head (Artemis ?) in mural crown.	ΓΕΝΤΙ Bee. Æ .4 [Z. f. N., xxi. p. 219.]
Head of Apollo.	ΓΕΝΤ Bee; laurel-wreath. Æ .75-.6

Gergis. (On site see Klio, 1909, p. 10.) Attalus I, King of Pergamum (B.C. 241-197), removed the inhabitants of Gergis to a new town. A Sibyl was said to have been born near Gergis, at Marpessus, and her tomb was in the temple of the Apollo of Gergis. Phlegon (ap. Steph. Byz. s. v. GergisΓεργις) describes the coin-types:— Gergithia ae chraesmologos Sibulla, aetis kai etetupoto en to nomismati ton Gergithion, autae te kai ae sphigxΓεργιθια η χρησμολογος Σιβυλλα, ητις και ετετυποτο εν το νομισματι τον Γεργιθιον, αυτη τε και η σφιγξ.

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Hamaxitus. The temple of Apollo Smintheus lay within its territory. In B.C. 310 the inhabitants were removed to Antigoneia (Alexandreia Troas).

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Ilium (Hissarlik). This city was treated with honour by Alexander the Great, and was enlarged by Lysimachus, who built there a temple of Athena. After the peace with Antiochus in B.C. 189 the Romans confirmed the liberties of Ilium.

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The types of its autonomous coins relate to Athena Ilias and her remarkable statue. The Imperial coins chiefly refer to Athena and to Hektor, and other (Asiatic) heroes of the Trojan war. (See especially H. von Fritze’s Münzen von Ilion, a section of Dörpfeld’s Troja und Ilion, Athens, 1902; cf. B. M. C., Troas, p. xxv f.)

On Seleucid coins attributable to Ilium see von Fritze, p. 480; Maonald in J. H. S., 1903, p. 102.

Imperial—Augustus to Valerian. Also quasi-autonomous. Inscr. ΙΛΙ, ΙΛΙΕΩΝ. Types: Athena Ilias. Statue of Athena Ilias in temple (von Fritze, No. 58). Man stabbing ox, which is suspended from tree; in front, statue of Athena (a sacrificial ceremony—airesthai kai trachaelxeinαιρεσθαι και τραχηλξειν: see von Fritze, p. 514). Ox approaching statue of Athena. ΕΚΤΩΡ (Hektor) in chariot; trampling on Patroklos; advancing with torch. Aphrodite and Anchises. Flight of Aeneas. ΠΡΙΑΜΟC seated. ΔΑΡΔΑΝΟC seated, and maiden (Bateia). ΔΙΑ ΙΔΑΙΟΝ ΙΛΙΕΙC Zeus Idaios holding statue of Athena Ilias. Ganymede. Judgment of Paris. ΕΙΛΟC sacrificing to Athena Ilias. Apollo ΕΚΑΤΟΣ leaning on tripod, holding branch. River-god CΚΑΜΑΝΔΡΟC. Wolf and Twins. Busts of ΘΕΑ ΡΩΜΗ and the Senate. Some of these types may represent monuments that actually existed in Ilium: see Kubitschek, in Jahreshefte oesterr. arch. Inst., i. 184.

Lamponeia. In the neighbourhood of Assus and Gargara (B. M. C., Troas, p. xxxviii).

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Neandria, on Mount Chigri (B. M. C., Troas, p. xxiii). Its inhabitants were transplanted to Antigoneia (Alexandreia Troas), circ. B.C. 310.

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Ophrynium (Renkioi), a small town between Dardanus and Rhoeteium, with a grove sacred to Hektor. (B. M. C., Troas, &c., p. xxx f.)

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Pionia, founded by Pionis, one of the Herakleidae. Imperial— Hadrian to Sept. Severus and family. Also quasi-autonomous, Hadrian to Caracalla. Inscr. ΠΙΟΝΙΤΩΝ. Types: Herakles; Artemis; Athena; Asklepios; Serpent on altar (Imh., Kl. M., p. 509; cf. p. 41); Emperor crowned by Nike. Magistrate: Strategos.

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Rhoeteium stood at the entrance of the Hellespont, north of Ilium. (B. M. C., Troas, &c., p. xxxi f.)

Scamandria, a small place on the Scamander, which river took its rise in Mount Ida. (B. M. C., Troas, &c., p. xxxii; Imh., Kl. M., p. 42 f.)

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Head of mountain-nymph, Ide, wreathed with fir.	ΣΚΑ Fir-tree. Æ .8-.6
Head of Ide; sometimes with ΙΔΗ.	„  Pine-cone. Æ .4

Head of Apollo (?). [Imh., Kl. M., p. 43.]

ΣΚΑ Apollo standing; in front, boar's head; behind, fir. Æ .7

Scepsis (Kourshounli-tepeh) on the Scamander. In B.C. 310 its inhabitants were removed to Antigoneia (Alexandreia Troas), but were afterwards allowed to return home by Lysimachus. (Imhoof, Kl. M., pp. 42-46, with reference to Judeich’s ‘Scepsis’ in Kiepert-Festschrift, p. 225 f.; B. M. C., Troas, &c., p. xxiii.)

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ΣΚΗΨΙ Pegasos flying. [Imh., Gr. M., p. 627.]	Ν Fir-tree in linear and dotted square: incuse square. AR 15 grs.
Fir-tree.	in inc. sq. Æ .3
Forepart of winged Pegasos.	Fir-tree in linear and dotted square: inc. sq. Æ .4

Imperial—Augustus to Maximinus. Also quasi-autonomous. Inscr. CΚΗΨΙΩΝ; CΚΗΨΙΩΝ ΔΑΡΔΑΝΙΩΝ, or abbreviation. Types: Bust of Dionysos in kalathos holding kantharos and pomegranate; Same Dionysos seated on throne between two oxen (Imh., Gr. M., p. 629); Young Dionysos; Forepart of winged Pegasos; ΖЄVC ЄΙΔΑΙΟC standing; Aphrodite and Eros; Nike; Flight of Aeneas; Judgment of Paris on Mount ΙΔΗ (Z. f. N., x. p. 155; Imh., Gr. M., p. 630); ΑCΚΑΝΙΟC standing (Invent. Wadd.); CΚΑΜΑΝΔΡΟC reclining. Tree and eagle (Imh., Kl. M., p. 46). Magistrate, (rarely) Strategos.

Sigeium, at the entrance of the Hellespont, belonged in early times to Athens, and had a temple of Athena. Its coins chiefly date from the period B.C. 355-334, when the Athenian general Chares, son of Theochares, was despot of the place, and the types of the coins are unmistakably Athenian. (Six, in N. C., 1894, p. 306 f.) In the second century B.C., or earlier, Sigeium had ceased to have an independent existence (B. M. C., Troas, xxxiii f.).

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On Alexandrine tetradrachms attributed by Müller to Sigeium, see B. M. C., Troas, p. xxxiii.

Thymbra, south-east of Ilium, with a temple of Apollo Thymbraeos (B. M. C., Troas, p. xxxiv).

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Zeleia, on the river Aesepus. Artemis and the temple of Apollo are mentioned in an inscription (B. M. C., Troas, p. xliv).

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Head of Artemis, wearing stephanos.	ΖΕΛΕ Stag standing. Æ .75-.55
Id.	„  and : whole in corn-wreath. Æ .4 [Cat. Allier, Pl. XIII. 20.]

See also an electrum stater of earlier date, described under Unattributed Electrum (infra).

Island off Troas

Tenedos. The island of Tenedos appears to have been from very early times a mint of considerable importance. The series of its silver coinage begins before the Persian wars, and follows, apparently, at first the Phocaic standard, which tends to assimilate itself to the Euboïc.

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FIG. 288.

Imperial—Augustus. Obv. Head of Augustus; symbol, double-axe. Rev. ΤΕΝΕ Head of Apollo (Imhoof, Monn. gr., p. 270).

The double-axe, pelekusπελεκυς, was the well-known badge of Tenedos, but its significance was much disputed in antiquity (see Maonald, Coin Types, p. 68, and B. M. C., Troas, p. xlvi f.). Aristotle’s explanation (ap. Steph. Byz. s. v. Τενεδος) of the Tenedian coin-types as representing the axe with which a royal law-giver of Tenedos punished adulterers— and his own son—is not now likely to find acceptance. (On Professor Ridgeway’s view that the axe on the coins is the representative of a primitive barter-currency of axes conjectured by him to have existed at Tenedos, see B. M. C., Troas, p. xlvii note.) It will he noticed that on the coins, from circ. B.C. 420, the double-axe is accompanied by a bunch of grapes as a constant symbol (once an amphora is attached by a fillet to the axe), a circumstance that suggests that at any rate from the fifth century B.C. the double-axe at Tenedos was regarded as an attribute or cultus-object of Dionysos who may have been worshipped as at Pherae in Thessaly (see supra, p. 308) as Dionysos PelekosΠελεκος (see Wroth, B. M. C., Troas, p. xlvii; N. C., 1897, p. 113 f.; cf. Rhein. Mus., 1897, p. 203; cf. also p. 406). A similar inference may be drawn from the coins on which the axe appears upon a basis. With regard to the janiform head of the obverse, it may be remarked that such heads are not peculiar to Tenedos (cf. Lampsacus, &c.), and their explanation is difficult. Here, perhaps, Zeus and Hera are intended, at any rate on the later coins (B. M. C., Troas, p. xlviii). On the Tenedian coin-types see also Babelon, Traité, p. 370 ff.

Troas

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