SASANIAN REFERENCES 2

Tracy Aiello

This list of references, crudely divided into "History" and "Numismatics", is not intended to replace the excellent list compiled by T. K. Mallon, archived on NumisWiki at Sasanian References. Indeed, the list here never could. I have limited myself mostly to articles and books in English, while T. K. Melon's list is not so restricted. In addition, his list contains numerous articles in English that are not on my list. Thus, the list here is automatically inadequate for the serious numismatist/historian and perhaps even the casual one. Nonetheless I hope that it will be of value to some, if not many. Some of the articles on my list are also on T. K. Melon's list, but some are not.

Some of the articles listed below can be found online, some for free and some behind various levels of a pay wall (e.g. for print privileges). If I found an article online, then I added an external hyperlink. On April 13, 2024 I verified that all of the links functioned and would take you to the article referenced.

A note on citations from Encyclop�dia Iranica online. At the end of some of the articles is a "cite this entry" section, and when present that is exactly what I have entered (preserving the original style and formatting) on this reference list. Note: these sections contain a "accessed on date"; that date does not correspond to the date that I accessed the article online. If no such section is present then I simply listed "Encyclop�dia Iranica, online edition" and provided both the dates of original publication and last update (if present).

A note on the Sylloge Nummorum Sasanidarum series. For those volumes containing sections in various languages I have listed only those sections in English, and I have done so by author in the manner of a bibliographic entry of an article in a book. For volumes that are entirely in English I have listed them as a book according to the author's last name.

Perhaps the reference list is too weighted toward history, deities, etc. and fails to contain enough numismatic articles and books. I am positive that the list omits some of the most seminal numismatic articles and books. My goal was simply to create a bibliography of articles and books that have caught my eye or peaked my interest.

HISTORY

Alram, Michael. "The Rock Reliefs of Sasanian Iran." In Mesopotamia and Iran in the Parthian and Sasanian Periods: Rejection and Revival c. 238 BC-AD 642. Proceedings of a Seminar in Memory of Vladimir G. Lukonin, edited by J. E. Curtis. London: British Museum Press, 2000.

Azarpay, Guitty. "Crowns and Some Royal Insignia in Early Iran." Iranica Antiqua 9 (1972): 108 - 15.

Bier, C, "Anāhīd iv: Anāhitā in the arts", Encyclop�dia Iranica, I/9, pp. 1003-1011. Available Online.

Boyce, Mary, ed. Textual Sources for the Study of Zoroastrianism. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1984.

Boyce, Mary, "Ahura Mazdā", Encyclop�dia Iranica, I/7, pp. 684-687. An updated version is Available Online.

Boyce, Mary, "Anāhīd i: Ardwīsūr Anāhīd", Encyclop�dia Iranica, I/9, pp. 1003-1011. Available Online.

Boyce, Mary, "AMƎ�A SPƎNTA", Encyclop�dia Iranica, I/9, pp. 933-936. Available Online.

Boyce, Mary, "Anāhīd ii: The cult and its diffusion", Encyclop�dia Iranica, I/9, pp. 1003-1011. Available Online.

Callieri, Pierfrancesco. "At the Roots of the Sasanian Royal Imagery: the Persepolis Graffiti." Transoxiana Webfestschrift Series I. Webfestschrift Marshak 2003. Ērān ud Anērān. Studies presented to Boris Ilich Marshak on the Occasion of His 70th Birthday. Available Online.

Calmeyer, Peter, "Crown i: In the Median and Achaemenid Periods." Encyclop�dia Iranica, online edition. Originally Published: December 15, 1993. Last Updated: November 2, 2011. Available Online.

Canepa, Matthew P. The Two Eyes of the Earth. Art and Ritual of Kingship between Rome and Sasanian Iran. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2009.

Canepa, Matthew P. "Technologies of Memory in Early Sasanian Iran: Achaemenid Sites and Sasanian Identity." American Journal of Archaeology, vol. 114, no. 4, October (2010): 563 � 596. Available Online.

Chaumont, M. L., "Anāhīd iii: Anaitis", Encyclop�dia Iranica, I/9, pp. 1003-1011. Available Online.

Choksy, Jamsheed K. "Sacral Kingship in Sasanian Iran." Bulletin of the Asia Institute, New Series, vol. 2 (1988): 35-52. Available Online.

Curtis, Vesta Sarkhosh, Elizabeth Pendleton, Michael Alram, and Touraj Daryaee, eds. The Parthian and Early Sasanian Empires: Adaptation and Expansion. British Institute of Persian Studies. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2016.

Curtis, Vesta Sarkhosh and Sarah Stewart, eds. The Sasanian Era (The Idea of Iran, Vol. III). London: I. B. Tauris, 2008.

Daryaee, Touraj. "National History or Kayanid History? The Nature of Sasanid Zoroastrian Historiography." Iranian Studies, vol. 28, nos. 3 - 4 (1995): 129 - 141. Available Online.

Daryaee, Touraj. "Sasanian Persia (ca. 224-651 C.E.)." Iranian Studies, vol. 31, no. 3/4, A Review of the "Encyclopaedia Iranica", Summer - Autumn (1998): 431-461. Available Online.

Daryaee, Touraj. "The Ideal King in the Sasanian World: Ardax�īr ī Pābagān or Xusrō Anō�ag-ruwān?" Nāme-ye Irān-e Bāstān, The International Journal of Ancient Iranian Studies, vol. 3, no. 1, spring and summer (2003): 33 - 45. Available Online.

Daryaee, Touraj. "The Construction of the Past in Late Antique Persia." Historia: Zeitschrift f�r Alte Geschichte, Bd. 55, H. 4 (2006): 493 - 503. Available Online.

Daryaee, Touraj, "Sasanians and their Ancestors." In Proceedings of the 5th Conference of the Societas Iranologica Europ�a, vol. 1 Ancient and Middle Iranian Studies, edited by Antonio Panaino and Andrea Piras. Milano: Mimesis, 2006. Available Online.

Daryaee, Touraj. Sasanian Iran: The Portrait of a Late Antique Empire. Costa Mesa: Mazda Publishers, 2008.

Daryaee, Touraj. Sasanian Persia: The Rise and Fall of an Empire. London: I. B. Tauris, 2009.

Daryaee, Touraj. "Kingship in Early Sasanian Iran." In The Sasanian Era (The Idea of Iran, Vol. III), edited by Vesta Sarkhosh Curtis and Sarah Stewart. London: I. B. Tauris, 2008. 60 - 70.

Daryaee, Touraj. "Ardax�īr and the Sasanians' Rise to Power." Anabasis: Studia Classica Et Orientalia, vol. 1 (2010): 237 - 256. Available Online.

Daryaee, Touraj. "The Sasanian Empire (224-651 CE)." In The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History, edited by Touraj Daryaee. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. 187 - 207. Available online.

Daryaee, Touraj. "The Last Ruling Woman of Ērān�ahr: Queen Āzarmīgduxt." International Journal of the Society of Iranian Archaeologists, vol. 1, no. 1, Winter - Spring (2014): 77 - 81. Available Online.

Daryaee, Touraj and Khodadad Rezakhani. "Sasanian Empire." In The Encyclopedia of Empire, edited by John M. MacKenzie. John Wiley & Sons, 2016. 1 - 8.

Daryaee, Touraj. "The Tripartite Sasanian Vision of the World". In Sasanian Iran in the Context of Late Antiquity: The Bahari Lecture Series at the University of Oxford, edited by Touraj Daryaee. UCI Jordan Center for Persian Studies: 2018: 65 � 78. Available Online.

Emrani, Haleh. "Like Father, Like Daughter: Late Sasanian Imperial Ideology & the Rise of Bōrān to Power." e-Sasanika 5 (2009): 1 - 16. Available online.

Frye, Richard N. "The Charisma of Kingship in Ancient Iran." Iranica Antiqua 4 (1964): 36 - 54.

Frye, Richard N., "History and Sasanian Inscriptions." In Atti del convegno internazionale sul tema: La Persia nel medioevo, (Roma, 31 marzo - 5 aprile 1970). Roma, 1971. 215 - 224.

Frye, Richard N. "Gestures of Deference to Royalty in Ancient Iran." Iranica Antiqua 9 (1972): 102 - 107.

Frye, Richard N. The History of Ancient Iran. M�nchen: C. H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1984.

Frye, Richard N. "Religion in Fars under the Achaemenids." In Acta Iranica 23, Hommages et Opera Minor 9 Orientalia J. Duchesne-Guillemin Emerito Oblata, edited by J. Kellens and P. Lecoq. Leiden, 1984. 171 - 78.

Frye, Richard N., "Bābak" [Mid. Pers. Pāpak, Pābag]." Encyclop�dia Iranica, online edition. Originally Published: December 15, 1988. Last Updated: August 18, 2011. Available Online.

Gignoux, Philippe. "Church - State Relations in the Sasanian Period." In Monarchies and Socio - Religious Traditions in the Ancient Near East, edited by H. I. H. Prince Takahito Mikasa. Wiesbaden, 1984. 72 - 80.

Gnoli, Gherardo. "On Old Persian Farnah-". In Acta Iranica, 30, vol. 16. Iranica Varia, Papers in Honor of Professor Ehsan Yarshater. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1990. 83 - 92.

Gnoli, Gherardo, "Farr(ah)." Encyclop�dia Iranica, online edition. Originally Published: December 15, 1999.Last Updated: December 15, 1999. Available Online.

Grenet, Franz, "Mithra ii: Iconography in Iran and Central Asia", Encyclop�dia Iranica, online edition, 2016. Available Online.

Gyselen, Rika. "Vahrām III (293) and the Rock Relief of Naqsh-i Rustam II: A Contribution to the Iconography of Sasanian Crown Princes in the Third Century." Bulletin of the Asia Institute, New Series, vol. 19, Iranian and Zoroastrian Studies in Honor of Prods Oktor Skj�rv� (2005): 29 - 36. Available Online.

Gyselen, Rika. �Primary Sources and Historiography on the Sasanian Empire�. Studia Iranica 38 Fascicule 2 (2009): 163 - 190.

Harmatta, J. "Royal Power and Immortality. The Myth of the Two Eagles in Iranian Ideology." Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 27 (1979): 305 - 19.

Jamzadeh, P. "The Winged Ring with Human Bust in Achaemenid Art as a Dynastic Symbol." Iranica Antiqua 17 (1982): 91 - 99.

Herrmann, G. and Vesta Sarkhosh Curtis, "SASANIAN ROCK RELIEFS," Encyclop�dia Iranica, online edition, 2002. Available Online.
Howard-Johnston, James. "The Late Sasanian Army." In Late Antiquity: Eastern Perspectives, edited by Teresa Bernheimer and Adam Silverstein. The E. J. W. Gibb Memorial Trust. Exeter: Short Run Press, 2012. Available Online.

MacKenzie, D. N. A Concise Pahlavi Dictionary. London and New York: Routledge, 1971. Available Online.

Macdermot, B. C. "Roman Emperors in the Sasanian Reliefs." Journal of Roman Studies 44 (1954): 76 - 80. Available Online.

Miri, Negin. Sasanian Pārs: Historical Geography and Administrative Organization. Costa Mesa: Mazda Publishers, 2012.

Olbrycht, Marek Jan. "Dynastic Connections in the Arsacid Empire and the Origins of the House of Sāsān" In The Parthian and Early Sasanian Empires: Adaptation and Expansion:
Proceedings of a Conference Held in Vienna, 14 � 16 June 2012, edited by Vesta Sarkhosh Curtis, Elizabeth J. Pendleton, Michael Alram, and Touraj Daryaee. Oxford & Philadelphia: Oxbow, 2016: 23 � 35. Available Online.

Panaino, Antonio. "The Bayān of the Fratarakas: Gods or 'divine' Kings?" In Religious Themes and Texts of pre-Islamic Iran and Central Asia: Studies in Honour of Professor Gherardo Gnoli on the Occasion of his 65th Birthday on 6th December 2002, edited by Carlo G. Cereti, Mauro Maggi, and Elio Provasi. Wiesbaden: Reichert, 2003. 265 - 288.

Panaino, Antonio, "Astral Characters of Kingship in the Sasanian and Byzantine Worlds", Convegno Internazionale: La Persia e Bisanzio, Roma, 14-18 Ottobre 2002. Roma: Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, 2004. 555 - 594.

Panaino, Antonio. "The King and the Gods in the Sasanian Royal Ideology." In Sources pour l�histoire et la g�ographie du monde iranien 224 � 710 (Res Orientales XVIII), edit� par Rika Gyselen. Peeters Publishing: Leuven, 2009. 209 � 256. Available Online.

Peck, Elise H., "Crown ii: From the Seleucids to the Islamic Conquest." Encyclop�dia Iranica, online edition. Originally published: December 15, 1993. Available Online.

Pourshariati, Parvaheh. Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire. The Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran. London: I. B. Tauris, 2008.

Rubin, Zeev. "The Roman Empire in the Res Gestae Divi Saporis -- the Mediterranean World in Sāsānian Propaganda." In Electrum Studies in Ancient History, Vol. 2, Ancient Iran and the Mediterranean World, Proceedings of an International Conference in Honour of Professor J�zef Wolski held at the Jagiellonian University, Cracow, in September 1996, edited by Edward Dąbrowa. Krakow: Jagiellonian University Press, 1998. 177 - 185.

Rubin, Zeev. "The Sasanid Monarchy." In The Cambridge Ancient History, vol. 14. Late Antiquity: Empire and Successors. AD 425 - 600, edited by Averil Cameron, Bryan Ward-Perkins, and Michael Whitby. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. 638 - 661.

Rubin, Zeev, "ḴOSROW I ii. REFORMS," Encyclop�dia Iranica, online edition, 2016. Available Online.

Rubin, Zeev. "The Financial Affairs of the Sasanian Empire Under Khusrow II Parvez." e-Sasanika 17 (2017): 1 - 30. Available online.

S�rk�zy, Mikl�s. "Anti-sasanian movements in 6^th century Persia � the case of Wistaxm and Windoē." In Eur�p� �gisze alatt - �nnepi tanulm�nyok Fekete M�ria hatvan�t�dik sz�let�snapj�ra koll�g�it�l, bar�tait�l �s tan�tv�nyait�l P�cs 2015. 281-296, edited by Csabai Z. Szab� E. Vilmos L. �s Vit�ri-W�ber A. Budapest, 2015. 281 � 295. Available Online.

Schlerath, B. and P. O. Skj�v�, "A�A", Encyclop�dia Iranica, II/7, pp. 694-696. Available Online.

Schmidt, Hans-Peter, "Mithra i: Mitra in Old Indian and Mithra in Old Iranian", Encyclop�dia Iranica, online edition. Originally Published: August 15, 2006. Last Updated: August 15, 2006. Available Online.

Shahbazi, A. Shapur. "An Achaemenid Symbol II. Farnah'(God Given) Fortune' Symbolized." Arch�ologische Mitteilungen Aus Iran N.F. 13 (1980): 119 - 47.

Shabazi, A. Shapur. "Early Sasanians' Claim to Achaemenid Heritage." Nāme-ye Irān-e Bāstān, The International Journal of Ancient Iranian Studies, vol. 1, no. 1, (2001): 61 � 74. Available Online.

Shahbazi, A. Shapur, "SASANIAN DYNASTY", Encyclop�dia Iranica, online edition, 2005. Available Online.

Shavarebi, Ehsan. "Historical Aspects, Iconographical Factors, Numismatic Issues, Technical Elements: How to Obtain a Convincing Chronology for the Rock Reliefs of Ardashīr I." Anabasis: Studia Classica Et Orientalia, vol. 5 (2014): 108 � 122. Available Online.

Shayegan, M. Rahim. "On the Rationale Behind the Roman Wars of �ābuhr II the Great." Bulletin of the Asia Institute, New Series, vol. 18 (2004): 111-133. Available Online.

Shenkar, Michael. "Rethinking Sasanian Iconoclasm." Journal of the American Oriental Society. vol. 135, no. 3 (July � September 2015): 471 � 498. Available Online.

Skj�v�, Prods Oktor, "Kayāniān." Encyclop�dia Iranica, online edition. Parent page last updated: May 8, 2013. Available Online.

Soudavar, Abolala. The Aura of Kings. Legitimacy and Divine Sanction in Iranian Kingship. Costa Mesa: Mazda Publishers, Inc., 2003.

Sunderman, Werner, "Mithra iii: In Manicheism." Encyclop�dia Iranica, online edition. Originally Published: July 20, 2002. Last Updated: July 20, 2002. Available Online.

Yarshater, Ehsan, "Were the Sasanians Heirs to the Achaemenids?" In Atti del convegno internazionale sul tema: La Persia nel medioevo, (Roma, 31 marzo - 5 aprile 1970). Roma, 1971. 517 - 533.

Yarshater, Ehsan, ed. The Cambridge History of Iran, vol. 3 (1) and (2), The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983 and 1986.

Widengren, Geo, "The Sacral Kingship of Iran." In The Sacral Kingship. Contributions to the Central Theme of the VIII th International Congress for the History of Religions (Rome, April 1955). Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1959. 242 - 257.

Widengren, Geo, "The Establishment of the Sasanian Dynasty in the Light of New Evidence." In Atti del convegno internazionale sul tema: La Persia nel medioevo, (Roma, 31 marzo - 5 aprile 1970). Roma, 1971. 711 - 782.

Wieseh�fer, Joseph, "ARDA�ĪR I i. History", Encyclopaedia Iranica, 1986, II/4, pp. 371-376. Available Online.

Wieseh�fer, Joseph. Ancient Persia. Revised edition. London: I. B. Tauris, 2014.

Wieseh�fer, Joseph. "Fars under the Seleucid and Parthian Rule." In The Age of the Parthians (The Idea of Iran, Vol. II), edited by Vesta Sarkhosh Curtis and Sarah Stewart. London: I. B. Tauris, 2007. 37 - 49.

NUMISMATICS

Alarm, Michael, Maryse Blet-Lemarquand, Prods Oktor Skj�v�. �Shapur, King of Kings of Iranians and Non-Iranians.� In Des Indo-Grecs Aux Sassanides: Donn�es Pour L�Historie Et La G�ographie Historique (Res Orientales XVII), edit� par Rika Gyselen. Bures-sur-Yvette: Le Groupe pour l'Etude de la Civilisation du Moyen-Orient, 2007: pp. 11 - 40.

Album, Stephen, Michael L. Bates, and Willem Floor, "Coins and Coinage", Encyclopaedia Iranica, VI/1, pp. 14-41. Available online.

Akbarzadeh, Daryoosh and Nikolaus Schindel. Sylloge Nummorum Sasanidarum Iran A Late Sasanian Hoard from Orumiyeh. Wien: �sterreichischen Akademie Der Wissenschaften, 2017.

Alram, Michael. "The Beginning of Sasanian Coinage." Bulletin of the Asia Institute, vol. 13 (1999): 67 - 76. Available online.

Alram, Michael. "Numismatic and History - An Outline, a. Aradashir I (after 205/206 as King of Fars, as King of Kings 224 - 240)." In Michael Alram and Rika Gyselen. Sylloge Nummorum Sasanidarum Paris - Berlin - Wien, Band I: Ardashir I - Shapur I. Wien: �sterreichischen Akademie Der Wissenschaften, 2003. 21 - 31.

Alram, Michael and Rika Gyselen. "Introduction: Numismatics and History - An Outline." In Michael Alram and Rika Gyselen. Sylloge Nummorum Sasanidarum Paris - Berlin - Wien, Band II: Ohrmazd I. - Ohrmazd II. Wien: �sterreichischen Akademie Der Wissenschaften, 2012. 13 - 64.

Bellinger, A. R. "A Note on Sassanian mint monograms." Numismatic Review 10 (1946).

Carter, Martha. "A Numismatic Reconstruction of Kushano-Sasanian History." Museum Notes (American Numismatic Society), vol. 30 (1985): 215-281. Available online.

Cereti, Carlo G., "Some Notes on the Sasanian Coinage of Esfahān." In Convegno Internazionale: La Persia e Bisanzio, Atti dei Convegni Lincei 201, Roma. 309 - 26.

Cereti, Carlo G. and Gianfilippo Tettibili. "The Paikuli Monument." In Michael Alram and Rika Gyselen. Sylloge Nummorum Sasanidarum Paris - Berlin - Wien, Band II: Ohrmazd I. - Ohrmazd II. Wien: �sterreichischen Akademie Der Wissenschaften, 2012. 74 - 87.

Choksy, Jamsheed K. "A Sāsānian Monarch, His Queen, Crown Prince, and Deities: The Coinage of Wahrām II." American Journal of Numismatics (1989-), vol. 1 (1989): 117 - 135. Available online.

Curtis, Vesta Sarkhosh. "Some Observations on Coins of Peroz and Kavad I" in Coins, Art & Chronology I. Pre-Islamic History of Indo-Iranian Borderlands edited by Michael Alram and
Deborah E. Klimburg-Salter. Vienna: Verlag der �sterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1999. 303 � 313. Available online.

Curtis, Vesta Sarkhosh, "Religious Iconography on Ancient Iranian Coins." In Proceedings of the British Academy, vol. 133. The British Academy: 2007: 413 � 434. Available online.

Cribb, Joe. "Numismatic Evidence For Kushano-Sasanian Chronology." Studia Iranica 19 (1990): 151 - 193.

Daryaee, Touraj. "The Effect of Civil War on Mint Production in the Sasanian Empire." Oriental Numismatic Society 150 (Autumn 1996).

Daryaee, Touraj. "The Use of Religio-Political Propaganda on Coins of Xusrō II." The Journal of the American Numismatics (1989-), vol. 9 (1997): 41-53. Available online.

Daryaee, Touraj. "The Coinage of Queen Bōrān and Its Significance for Late Sāsānian Imperial Ideology." Bulletin of the Asia Institute, vol. 13 (1999): 77 - 82. Available online.

Daryaee, Touraj. "History, Epic, and Numismatics: On the Title of Yazdgerd I (Rām�ahr)." American Journal of Numismatics (1989), vol. 14 (2002): 89-95. Available online.

Daryaee, Touraj. "Notes on Early Sasanian Titulature." Journal of the Society for Ancient Numismatics, vol. 21, 2002 (2005): 41-44.

Daryaee, Touraj. "Yazdgerd III's Last Year: Coinage and History of Sīstān at the End of Late Antiquity." Iranistik, 9 & 10 (2006 - 2007): 21 - 29. Available online.

Gariboldi, Andrea. "Astral Symbology on Iranian Coinage." East and West, vol. 54, no. 1/4 (December 2004): 31-53. Available online.

Gariboldi, Andrea. "Royal Ideological Patterns between Seleucid and Parthian Coins. The Case of Theop�toor." In Commerce and Monetary Systems in the Ancient World. Means of Transmission and Cultural Interaction. Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Symposium of the Assyrian and Babylonian Intellectual Heritage Project, edited by Robert Rollinger and Christoph Ulf. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2004. 366-84. Available online.

Gariboldi, Andrea. Sasanian Coinage and History: The Civic Numismatic Collection of Milan. Costa Mesa: Mazda Publishers, 2010.

Gariboldi, Andrea. Sylloge Nummorum Sasanidarum Tajikistan. Wien: �sterreichischen Akademie Der Wissenschaften, 2017.

G�bl, Robert. Sasanian Numismatics. Braunschweig: Klinkhardt and Biermann, 1971.

G�bl, Robert. "Sasanian Coins." In The Cambridge History of Iran, vol. 3 (1), edited by Ehsan Yarshater. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983. 322 - 336.

Gurnet, Fran�ois. "A Strange Date on Sasanian Drachms of Kavad I." e-Sasanika 11 (2011): 1 - 10. Available online.

Gyselen, Rika. "Some Considerations on the Re-Use of Dies in Sasanian Numismatics and their Implications." Oriental Numismatic Society Newsletter 141 (1994).

Gyselen, Rika. "Numismatic and History - An Outline, b. Shapur I (240 - 272)." In Michael Alram and Rika Gyselen. Sylloge Nummorum Sasanidarum Paris - Berlin - Wien, Band I: Ardashir I - Shapur I. Wien: �sterreichischen Akademie Der Wissenschaften, 2003. 32 - 45.

Gyselen, Rika. New Evidence For Sasanian Numismatics: The Collection of Ahmad Saeedi. Bures-sur-Yvette: Le Groupe pour l'Etude de la Civilisation du Moyen-Orient, 2004.

Gyselen, Rika. "The Coins of 3rd Century Sasanian Iran and the Formation of Historical Criteria." e-Sasanika 10 (2011): 1 - 25. Available online.

Malek, Hodge M. "A Survey of Research on Sasanian Numismatics." The Numismatic Chronicle (1966-), vol. 153 (1993): 267 - 269. Available online.

Malek, Hodge M. "The Coinage of the Sasanian King Kavād II (AD 628)." The Numismatic Chronicle (1966-), vol. 155 (1995): 119 - 129. Available online.

Malek, Hodge M. and Vesta Sarkhosh Curtis. "History and Coinage of the Sasanian Queen Bōrān (AD 629 - 632)." The Numismatic Chronicle (1966-), vol. 158 (1998): 113 - 129. Available online.

Malek, Hodge M. Review Article: "Late Sasanian Coinage and the Collection in the Muzeh Melli Iran. Vol. I" The Numismatic Chronicle (1966-), vol. 171 (2011): 469 - 486. Available online.

Malek, Hodge M. Review Article: "Late Sasanian Coinage and the Collection in the Muzeh Melli Iran. Vol. II" The Numismatic Chronicle (1966-), vol. 173 (2013): 457 - 499. Available online.

Mitchiner, Michael. Oriental Coins and their Values, vol. 2: the Ancient and Classical World. London: Hawkins Publications, 1978.

Potts, Daniel T. "Foundation Houses, Fire Altars and the Frataraka: Interpreting the Iconography of Some Post-Achaemenid Persian coins." Iranica Antiqua 42 (2007): 271 - 300. Available online.

Schindel, Nickolaus, S. Stanek, R. Linke, and M. Schreiner. "English Summary." In Nickolaus Schindel, S. Stanek, R. Linke, and M. Schreiner. Sylloge Nummorum Sasanidarum Paris - Berlin - Wien, Band III/I: Shapur II. - Kawad I/2. Regierung. Wien: �sterreichischen Akademie Der Wissenschaften, 2004. 17 - 29.

Schindel, Nickolaus. "Sasanian Mint Abbreviations: The Evidence of Style." The Numismatic Chronicle (1966-),

vol. 165 (2005): 287 - 299. Available online.

Schindel, Nickolaus. Sylloge Nummorum Sasanidarum Israel. Wien: �sterreichischen Akademie Der Wissenschaften, 2009.

Schindel, Nickolaus. "The Beginning of Kushano-Sasanian Coinage." In Michael Alram and Rika Gyselen. Sylloge Nummorum Sasanidarum Paris - Berlin - Wien, Band II: Ohrmazd I. - Ohrmazd II. Wien: �sterreichischen Akademie Der Wissenschaften, 2012. 65 - 74.

Schindel, Nikolaus. �Sasanian Coinage�. In The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Iran, edited by D. T. Potts. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013: 814 - 839.

Schindel, Nickolaus, Michael Alram, Rika Gyselen, and Robert Schaaf. Sylloge Nummorum Sasanidarum The Schaaf Collection. Wien: �sterreichischen Akademie Der Wissenschaften, 2014.

Schindel, Nickolaus. Sylloge Nummorum Sasanidarum. Paris − Berlin ‒ Wien. Band IV Teil 1 und 2: Khusro I. Wien: Verlag Der �sterreichischen Akademie Der Wissenschaften, 2022.

Sellwood, David, Phillip Whitting, and Richard Williams. An Introduction to Sasanian Coins. London: Spink & Son Ltd., 1985.

Skj�v�, Prods Oktor. "Paleography." In Michael Alram and Rika Gyselen. Sylloge Nummorum Sasanidarum Paris - Berlin - Wien, Band I: Ardashir I - Shapur I. Wien: �sterreichischen Akademie Der Wissenschaften, 2003. 46 - 69.

Tyler-Smith, Susan. "Sasanian Mint Abbreviations." The Numismatic Chronicle (1966-), vol. 143 (1983): 240 - 247. Available online.

Tyler-Smith, Susan "Coinage in the Name of Yazdgerd III (AD 632 - 651) and the Arab Conquest of Iran." The Numismatic Chronicle, vol. 160 (2000): 135 - 170. Available online.

Tyler-Smith, Susan. The Coinage Reforms (600 - 603) of Khusru II and the Revolt of Vistāhm. London: The Royal Numismatic Society, 2017.

Valentine, W. H. Sassanian Coins. London: Spink & Son Ltd, 1921.

Y�cel, Muhammet. "A Unique Drachm Coin of Shapur I." Iranian Studies, vol. 50, No. 3: 331 � 344. Available online.

Zohrabyan, Armine. "An Exceptional Gold Coin of Shapur I." e-Sasanika 4 (2009): 1 - 4. Available online.