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Countermarked in Late Antiquity
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Diameter 101
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Dictionary of Roman Coins
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The Evolving Ancient Coin Market
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Patina 101
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People in the Bible Who Issued Coins
Imperial Mints of Philip the Arab
Phoenician Alphabet
Pi-Style Athens Tetradrachms
Pricing and Grading Roman Coins
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Roman Coin Attribution 101
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Uncleaned Ancient Coins 101
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What I Like About Ancient Coins
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XXI

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Italian numismatic terms and abbreviations

a.C. - avanti Cristo - B.C.
accollati - jugate
accanto (m) - near, on the side, next to
a d. - a destra - to the right, facing right
alata - winged
ali (le ali) - wings (the wings)
alzata (f) - raised
anche - also
androcefalo - man headed
androprosopo - man faced
ape - bee
aplustre - aphlaston appoggiato (m) - leaning (for example shield resting/leaning against throne)
aquila - eagle
arco - bow
ariete - ram
a s. - a sinistra - to the left, facing left
aquila - eagle

barbuto - bearded
basso - below (in basso - in exergue)
becco - beak
bilancia - scales
bocca - mouth
bolle di fusione - casting bubbles
bordo perlinato - border of dots
brandisce - holds

campo - field
canna - reed
capovolto (m), capovolta (f) - upside down
cavaliere - horseman
cavallo - horse
cerchietti - annulets
chicco (di orzo) - (barley) grain
Cifr. - cifrare - figure
cinghiale - boar
civetta - owl
clava - club
collo - neck
con - with
conchiglia - shell
coniato - minted
conio - die
conj, conii - dies
conocchia - distaff
contorno - border
cortorno perlinato - beaded (dot) border
coperta (f) - covered
corazza - armor
corona (di alloro) - (laurel) wreath
cozzante - butting
croce - cross

d.  destra - right
D/ - Diritto - obverse
d'alloro - of laurel
da - by (with)
davanti - in front
d.C. (dopo Cristo) - A.D.
delfino - dolphin
destra - right
di - of
di fronte - in front
dietro - behind
dimensioni - size
diritto (D.)- obverse
doppio - double

e - and
elmata - wearing helmet
elmo - helmet
esemplare - specimen

falso - fake
foglia - leaf
foglie - leaves
fronte - front
fulmine (alato) - (winged) thunderbolt
fuso - distaff
fuso, fusa - cast

G.B. - gran bronzo - sestertius
gira - turns (concerning heads)
ghirlanda - garland (wreath)
globetti - pellets
gomito - elbow
gran bronzo - sestertius
granchio - crab
grappolo d'uva - bunch of grapes
guanciale perrucca - Egyptian bag wig
guarda - looking
gufo - owl

in piedi - standing
incoronante (che incorona) - crowning
incoronato - crowned
inginocchiato - kneeling
invece - instead

lancia - spear
laureata - wreathedlegg. - legend
legg. simile - legend similar
leone - lion
lotta con - fights
luna bicorne - crescent moon

M.B. - medio bronzo - dupondius or as
mantello - cloak
mano - hand
medio bronzo (M.B.) - dupondius or as
medaglione - medal
mezzo - half
mistura - billon
monetazione - coinage
monete (antiche) - (ancient) coins
montone - ram

nel - in
nel campo - in the field
nuda (f), nudo (m) - naked

ornato - adorned (decorated)

papaveri - poppies
P.B. - piccolo bronzo - small bronze (smaller than an as)
pelle - skin
perlinato - dotted
pesce - fish
peso - weight
pettine di conchiglia - scallop shell
petto - chest
piccolo bronzo (P.B) - small bronze (smaller than an as)
piedi (in piedi) - standing
pieghe - coil (snake)
piombo (p.) - lead
posata a terra - on the ground
posto - placed, seated
prec. - precedente - previous
prospetto - front (facing)
protome - forepart

quadrato incuso - incuse square

R/ - Rovescio - reverse
rami - branches
redini - reigns
regge - holding
retrospiciente - looking back (used for the bull of Sybaris)
ripiena (f) - filled (cornucopia)
riposa - rests
ritoccata - tooled
roccie - rocks
rovescio - reverse

s.  sinistra - left
scettro - scepter
schienale - back of the seat or throne
scudo - shield
sdraiata (f) - reclining
seduto (m), seduta (f) - seated
seduto su trono - seated on throne
seduto su trono sullo schienale - seated on throne with back
segno di valore - mark of value
seguenti - sg./segg. -  following
senza - without
s.d. - senza data - without date
sigla di zecca - mint mark
sulla - on
simile - similar
sinistra - left
solamente - alone, only
solleva - raises (concerning Spes raising a fold of the dress)
sopra - above
spada - sword
spalla - shoulder
spiegate - spread (wings)
spighe di grano - ears of grain
spighe di orzo - ears of barley
stante - standing
strangolante (che strangola) - strangling
stella(e) - star(s)

T/ - taglio - edge
terra - ground
testa - head
testa nuda - bare-headed
tiene nella - holds in
timone - rudder, tiller
tondello - blank, flan
tonno - tunny fish
toro - bull
tra - between
trono - throne

Vangelo - Gospels
veduto di dorso - seen from behind
vite - vine
vittoria alata - nikevelato - veiled
veste - wearing
veste lorica - cuirassed
veste palud. - draped

zecca - mint

Grading

D- discreto - G - Good
B - bello - VG - Very Good
MB - molto bello - F - Fine
BB - bellissimo - VF to EF - Very Fine to Extremely Find
SPL - splendido - EF to UNC - Extremely Fine to uncirculated
FDC - fior di conio - uncirculated mint state

screpolature - cracks

Rarity

comune (C) - common
non comune (NC) - uncommon/scarce
scarso (S) - scarce
raro (R, R1) - rare
molto raro - very rare
rarissimo (RR, R2) - very rare
rarissimo (RRR, R3) - extremely rare
della massima rarita (RRRR, R4) - of the highest rarity
pochi esemplari noti (RRRRR, R5) - few known examples




 

 

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